CG111 – Final Examination Review

  1. The 3 additive primary colors are red, green, and blue (RGB). The absence of light produces black. White is produced by maximum brightness of all 3 additive primary colors on the computer screen.
  2. The subtractive primaries in 3-color printing are cyan, magenta, and yellow (CMY). Four-color printing uses cyan, magenta, yellow, and black (CMYK).
  3. Two groups of color mixing are additive (using light) and subtractive (using paints, dyes, and ink). Mixing any 2 primary colors from one group will produce a primary color in the other group. In the RGB color model: Green+ Blue =Cyan;
    Red+ Blue =Magenta; Red+ Green =Yellow.
  4. Another color model is HSV (Hue, Saturation, and Value). It is also called HSB (Hue, Saturation, and Brightness) or HSL (Hue, Saturation, and Luminosity). Hue is the color; Saturation is the intensity of the color and Value or Brightness or Luminosity is the brightness of the color (i.e., how far is it from white or black).
  5. Photoshop, Fireworks, Painter, and MS Paint are paint programs, or bit-mapped software, or raster graphics software. Photoshop is the leading program for editing bitmapped images. All paint programs create raster images.
  6. Illustrator and Flash are examples of a drawing program, object-oriented software, or vector (vector-based) graphics software.
  7. An Illustrator file (.ai) can be opened in Photoshop.
  8. The operating system on the Mac is called Mac OS and the operating system on the PC is called Windows.
  9. A pixel is a dot on the screen or a square of color for paint programs.
  10. The largest magnification in Photoshop and Illustrator (as of version CS6) are 3200% and 6400% respectively.
  11. The number of colors produced by color depths (bit depths or bits per pixel) of 1, 4, 8, 16, and 24 are 2, 16, 256, 65536, and 16777216 respectively.
  12. In MS Paint, a color depth of 1 is called Monochrome Bitmap; a color depth of 4 is called 16 Color Bitmap; a color depth of 8 is called 256 Color Bitmap and a color depth of 24 is called 24-bit Bitmap.
  13. Pixels per inch (ppi) is a measurement of the resolution of a computer monitor display.
  14. The World Wide Web (WWW), part of the Internet, had enormous growth starting in late 1995.
  15. Internet Service Providers (ISPs) provide access to the Internet for a monthly fee. Examples of ISPs are Comcast, Time Warner Cable, Verizon, Cox, and AT&T.
  16. HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the underlying language for Web documents. HTML uses Tags to tell a browser how to interpret the text or image.
  17. A browser is a program used to view web documents. Browsers for Windows includeChrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Safari, and Opera. Browsers for the Mac include Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Opera.
  18. A searcher or search engine is a program used to find websites by topic or text string. Typical searchers in the U.S. are Google, Bing, Yahoo, Ask, and AOL.
  19. A link (or hyperlink) is a way to go from one web document to another. This is usually indicated on a web page by a pointing finger and/or blue underlined text.
  20. e-mail is an internet network feature that allows users to send messages, pictures, and/or sound to each other.
  21. Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is the address of a Website or page on the World Wide Web.
  22. Some common file formats used on the World Wide Web are GIF (Graphics Interchange Format), JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group), and PNG (Portable Network Graphics).
  23. GIF is a lossless compressed format that supports no more than 256 colors. JPEG is a way of compressing photographic images. It is most often used for manipulating photographs. It is a lossy format, meaning that a file saved as a JPEG file loses some data - more compression means greater loss. The newer PNG format was designed to replace GIF, providing support for more colors and increased transparency options.
  24. A primitive is a simple object that can be created from a toolbox or menu. 2D primitives include rectangle, ellipse, and line. 3D primitives include sphere, cube, cone, and cylinder.
  25. The Cartesian coordinate system is a set of perpendicular reference axes (in 3D: x, y, and z) intersecting at the origin
    (0, 0, 0) of the virtual world.
  26. Extrusion is a 3D modeling technique in which a 2D cross-section is extended along a line. It is used in 3D block lettering.
  27. A virtual camera or camera is used to adjust perspective views.
  28. Rendering is the process of making a color raster image (bitmap) from 3D geometry.
  29. Most 3D software provide a work window for four different views: Front, Top, Right side, and Perspective. Perspective view is generated automatically by 3D software.
  30. 3D graphics applications are used to create three-dimensional objects or models (hence object-oriented), create multiple views, including perspective, and render raster images by shading with respect to one or more light sources.
  31. A storyboard is an illustrated plan created in designing an animation, usually consisting of a sketch for each scene.
  32. A timeline is an on-screen display of frame numbers for an animated sequence.
  33. Persistence of vision is a visual phenomenon in which an image remains in the retina for a fraction of a second after it is shown.
  34. Keyframe is an image that illustrates an extreme position in the motion of a character or scene. Flash uses keyframes for animation.
  35. Inbetween refers to the intermediate frames between two keyframes in an animated sequence.
  36. Interpolation is a computerized averaging, typically used in animation software for inbetweening (or tweening).
  37. The number of frames per second required for animation to appear smooth is 24 for film, 25 for PAL (Phase Alteration by Line) video, and 30 for NTSC (National Television System Committee) video. Flash uses 24 frames per second as the default standard.
  38. Motion capture, or mocap, is a technique of digitally recording the movements of real things (usually humans) for computer animation. It has been widely used for both movies and video games.
  39. KB is kilobyte (1,000 bytes, where a byte is 8 bits). MB is megabyte (1,000,000 bytes). GB is gigabyte (1,000,000,000 bytes). TB is terabyte (1,000,000,000,000 bytes). and PB is petabyte (1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes).
  40. 3D scanning is available for use in design visualisation, CAD/prototyping, architecture, engineering, movie production, healthcare, etc.
  41. 3D printing isused in industrial prototyping, product design, medical modeling and architectural models.

20140810