Cells and Cell Processes Review
Nucleus – contains the cell’s DNA and is the control center of the cell
Ribosome – where amino acids are hooked together to make proteins
Endoplasmic reticulum – makes lipids, breaks down drugs, and other substances, and packages proteins for Golgi complex
Mitochondria – breaks down food molecules to make ATP. It is known as the powerhouse of the cell.
Chloroplast – uses the energy of sunlight to make food; found in plant cells but not animal
Golgi complex – processes and transports proteins and other material out of the cell
Vacuole – stores water and other materials
Lysosome – digests food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders
Cell Membrane – outer protective layer that controls movement of materials in and out of the cell
Cell Wall – rigid structure surrounding the cell membrane that gives support to the cell
Prokaryote – cells with no nucleus
Eukaryote – cells with a nucleus
Cell theory – states that all organisms are made of 1 or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of all living things, and all cells come from existing cells
Cellular Respiration – process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food
Cytoplasm –the jelly-like fluid within the cell that holds the organelles
Photosynthesis – process that some cells use to convert the sun’s energy into energy that can be stored. Here is the formula:
Transpiration – Process in which water exits the plant through tiny pores called stoma or stomatal units.
Passive transport – Movement of substances through a cell membrane without using the cell’s energy.
Diffusion – Movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Osmosis – The diffusion of water molecules only through a membrane.
Active Transport – Movement of substances through a membrane only by using the cell’s energy.
Endocytosis – Process by which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with the cell membrane (Enter)
Exocytosis –Process during which the cell releases a substance to the outside of the cell (Exit)
Mitosis is the process by which a cell divides and creates an exact copy of the original. Skin cells make skin cells; blood cells make blood cells. This is a type of asexual reproduction. The longest phase of the cell cycle is called Interphase. This is when the cell is growing.
PMAT = the stages of mitosis.