信息快讯 no.23 2008.06.23
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SCIENCE
Vol 320, Issue 5883, Pages 1559-1659，20 June 2008
Perspectives
ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE: Sprucing Up Greenland
Eric J. Steig and Alexander P. Wolfe
Science 20 June 2008: 1595-1596.
Pollen data suggest that the Greenland ice sheet was much smaller during previous warm periods. Full Text »| PDF »|
Brevia
Auxin Gradients Are Associated with Polarity Changes in Trees
Eric M. Kramer, Michael Lewandowski, Satvik Beri, Jessica Bernard, Matthew Borkowski, Michael H. Borkowski, Laura Ann Burchfield, Brenda Mathisen, and Jennifer Normanly
Science 20 June 2008: 1610.
In quaking aspen trees that have been injured, gradients of the hormone auxin redirect the wood grain as the wound heals. Abstract »| Full Text »| PDF »| Supporting Online Material »|
|Reports
Natural Variability of Greenland Climate, Vegetation, and Ice Volume During the Past Million Years
Anne de Vernal and Claude Hillaire-Marcel
Science 20 June 2008: 1622-1625.
A 1-million-year pollen record shows that that the southern part of the Greenland ice sheet melted enough during some past warm episodes so that forests grew. Abstract »| Full Text »| PDF »| Supporting Online Material »|
Natural Selection Shapes Genome-Wide Patterns of Copy-Number Polymorphism in Drosophila melanogaster
J. J. Emerson, Margarida Cardoso-Moreira, Justin O. Borevitz, and Manyuan Long
Science 20 June 2008: 1629-1631.
Published online 5 June 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1158078] (in Science Express Reports)
A high-resolution analysis of gene copy number in Drosphila species shows that most variations are deleterious but a few for resistance to toxins are being positively selected. Abstract »| Full Text »| PDF »| Supporting Online Material »|
Phylogeny-Aware Gap Placement Prevents Errors in Sequence Alignment and Evolutionary Analysis
Ari Löytynoja and Nick Goldman
Science 20 June 2008: 1632-1635.
An algorithm that treats insertions and deletions as distinct events in genomic data improves sequence alignments, allowing more accurate phylogenetic studies. Abstract »| Full Text »| PDF »| Supporting Online Material »|
A Molecular Clutch Disables Flagella in the Bacillus subtilis Biofilm
Kris M. Blair, Linda Turner, Jared T. Winkelman, Howard C. Berg, and Daniel B. Kearns
Science 20 June 2008: 1636-1638.
One bacterial protein synthesized during the production of a biofilm matrix acts as a clutch to disable the flagellum while the microbe is constrained in the biofilm. Abstract »| Full Text »| PDF »| Supporting Online Material »|Podcast Interview »|
Evolution of Mammals and Their Gut Microbes
Ruth E. Ley, Micah Hamady, Catherine Lozupone, Peter J. Turnbaugh, Rob Roy Ramey, J. Stephen Bircher, Michael L. Schlegel, Tammy A. Tucker, Mark D. Schrenzel, Rob Knight, and Jeffrey I. Gordon
Science 20 June 2008: 1647-1651.
Published online 22 May 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1155725] (in Science Express Reports)
Genomic sampling of the microbes in the feces of 60 mammals show that herbivores harbor the most diversity and that individuals of the same species have the same flora. Abstract »| Full Text »| PDF »| Supporting Online Material »|
Bora and the Kinase Aurora A Cooperatively Activate the Kinase Plk1 and Control Mitotic Entry
Akiko Seki, Judith A. Coppinger, Chang-Young Jang, John R. Yates, and Guowei Fang
Science 20 June 2008: 1655-1658.
Mitosis begins in mammalian cells when a protein accumulates between cell divisions and interacts with a second protein to initiate a cascade of kinase activation. Abstract »| Full Text »| PDF »| Supporting Online Material »|
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NATURE
Volume 453 Number 7198 pp957-1142，19 June 2008
Letters
Cytokinin and auxin interaction in root stem-cell specification during early embryogenesis p1094
Bruno Müller & Jen Sheen
doi:10.1038/nature06943
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (840K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
封面故事：文昌鱼的基因组序列完成测序
本期Nature发表了文昌鱼的基因组序列草稿。文昌鱼是一种被生物学家研究了很多年的动物，是一个用来研究原始脊索动物的模型。它是一种小型动物，形状像蠕虫，通常被埋在海床上的沙子里。对佛罗里达文昌鱼（Branchiostoma floridae）所做比较分析，显示了在现代文昌鱼和脊椎动物基因组中保留下来的17个先祖脊索动物连锁群（linkage groups），尽管它们在超过10亿年的时间里是独立演化的。根据这一结果，研究人员就有可能对最后一个共同的脊椎动物祖先的17个染色体进行虚拟重建。这种重建表明，正如所怀疑的那样，在有颚类脊椎动物演化过程中，发生了两轮整基因组复制现象。该结果为研究三个脊索动物类群之间的模糊关系提供了线索，这三个类群分别是被囊动物（tunicates）、文昌鱼（lancelets）和脊椎动物（vertebrates）。
Cytokinin and auxin interaction in root stem-cell specification during early embryogenesis p1094
Bruno Müller & Jen Sheen
doi:10.1038/nature06943
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (840K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
生长素与细胞分裂素之间的互动机制
人们知道植物激素生长素与细胞分裂素之间的相互作用对枝和根从所培养的植物组织中的再生很关键已有50年了，但这里所涉及的分子机制仍然不很清楚。生长素后来被发现对在胚胎形成过程中所确定的根与茎从植物干细胞的分化负责。现在，Bruno Müller和Jen Sheen发现，细胞分裂素在胚胎形成早期表达，生长素与细胞分裂素信号通道之间的相互作用是确定第一个根干细胞所在区域的关键。
Midzone activation of aurora B in anaphase produces an intracellular phosphorylation gradient p1132
Brian G. Fuller, Michael A. Lampson, Emily A. Foley, Sara Rosasco-Nitcher, Kim V. Le, Page Tobelmann, David L. Brautigan, P. Todd Stukenberg & Tarun M. Kapoor
doi:10.1038/nature06923
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (876K) | Supplementary information
See also: Editor's summary
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PNAS
June 17, 2008; 105 (24)
M. K. Steininger, M. Hansen, J. R. G. Townshend, C. J. Tucker, D. Skole, and R. DeFries
Convincing evidence of tropical forest decline
PNAS 2008 105: E34; published online on June 11, 2008, 10.1073/pnas.0803707105 [Extract] [Full Text] [PDF]
Aurelie Bertin, Michael A. McMurray, Patricia Grob, Sang-Shin Park, Galo Garcia, III, Insiyyah Patanwala, Ho-leung Ng, Tom Alber, Jeremy Thorner, and Eva Nogales
Saccharomyces cerevisiae septins: Supramolecular organization of heterooligomers and the mechanism of filament assembly
PNAS 2008 105: 8274-8279; published online on June 12, 2008, 10.1073/pnas.0803330105 [Abstract] [Full Text] [Figures Only] [PDF] [Supporting Information]
Julie Guillermet-Guibert, Katja Bjorklof, Ashreena Salpekar, Cristiano Gonella, Faruk Ramadani, Antonio Bilancio, Stephen Meek, Andrew J. H. Smith, Klaus Okkenhaug, and Bart Vanhaesebroeck
The p110β isoform of phosphoinositide 3-kinase signals downstream of G protein-coupled receptors and is functionally redundant with p110
PNAS 2008 105: 8292-8297; published online on June 10, 2008, 10.1073/pnas.0707761105 [Abstract] [Full Text] [Figures Only] [PDF] [Supporting Information]
David B. Buchwalter, Daniel J. Cain, Caitrin A. Martin, Lingtian Xie, Samuel N. Luoma, and Theodore Garland, Jr
From the Cover: Aquatic insect ecophysiological traits reveal phylogenetically based differences in dissolved cadmium susceptibility
PNAS 2008 105: 8321-8326; published online on June 16, 2008, 10.1073/pnas.0801686105 [Abstract] [Full Text] [Figures Only] [PDF] [Supporting Information]
Stéphanie Robert, S. Narasimha Chary, Georgia Drakakaki, Shundai Li, Zhenbiao Yang, Natasha V. Raikhel, and Glenn R. Hicks
Endosidin1 defines a compartment involved in endocytosis of the brassinosteroid receptor BRI1 and the auxin transporters PIN2 and AUX1
PNAS 2008 105: 8464-8469; published online on June 11, 2008, 10.1073/pnas.0711650105 [Abstract] [Full Text] [Figures Only] [PDF] [Supporting Information]
Wenjing Zhang, Hironori Ito, Marcel Quint, He Huang, Laurent D. Noël, and William M. Gray
Genetic analysis of CAND1–CUL1 interactions in Arabidopsis supports a role for CAND1-mediated cycling of the SCFTIR1 complex
PNAS 2008 105: 8470-8475; published online on June 11, 2008, 10.1073/pnas.0804144105 [Abstract] [Full Text] [Figures Only] [PDF] [Supporting Information]
Liu-Min Fan, Wei Zhang, Jin-Gui Chen, J. Philip Taylor, Alan M. Jones, and Sarah M. Assmann
Abscisic acid regulation of guard-cell K+ and anion channels in Gβ- and RGS-deficient Arabidopsis lines
PNAS 2008 105: 8476-8481; published online on June 9, 2008, 10.1073/pnas.0800980105 [Abstract] [Full Text] [Figures Only] [PDF] [Supporting Information]
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