DIFFERENCES IN ANIMAL CELLS, PLANT CELLS, AND BACTERIA
Eukaryotes / Eukaryotes / Prokaryotes
Cell membrane / Cell membrane / Cell membrane
Nuclear membrane / Nuclear membrane / NO nuclear membrane
NO cell wall / Cell wall made of
CELLULOSE / Cell wall made of
PEPTIDOGLYCAN
Has ribosomes / Has ribosomes / Has ribosomes
DNA in multiple chromosomes / DNA in multiple
chromosomes / DNA is a single
circular ring
CYTOSKELETON / CYTOSKELETON / CYTOSKELETON
Small vacuoles / Really big vacuole / NO vacuoles
Has lysosomes / Has lysosomes / NO lysosomes
Has centrioles / NO centrioles / NO centrioles
NO chloroplasts / Chloroplasts / NO chloroplasts
SMALLER / SMALL / SMALLEST
CELL THEORY CELL SIZE
1. All living things are made of ______
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure & function in an organism
(= basic unit of ______)
3. New cells are produced from ______cells
______cells > ______cells > ______cell
CELL MEMBRANE (=PLASMA MEMBRANE)
Made mainly of ______and ______
HYDROPHOBIC “tails” of phospholipids make molecules line up as a LIPID ______with POLAR heads facing ______and
NON-POLAR tails facing ______
MEMBRANE PROTEINS:
______- stick on inside or outside surface
______- go part way or all the way through
______- recognize “self”
______PROTEINS- move molecules across membrane
FUNCTION:
Membranes are ______
(=Semi-permeable)
Allow certain molecules to pass through; but keep others out
______what enters and leaves cell
Helps with ______
______= gel-like material + organelles between
nucleus and cell membrane
GOLGI APPARATUS (BODY)
Looks like a “______”
Made of ______
FUNCTION: Modify, sort, and package substances from ER for ______
or ______out of cell
Stacks of pancakes = ______
Membrane sacs that bud off = ______
NUCLEUS NUCLEOLUS
NUCLEUS is:
- Surrounded by______MEMBRANE
called the NUCLEAR ______ - ______CENTER OF CELL
- Nuclear______allow molecules in and out
- CONTAINS CELL’S GENETIC MATERIAL ( ______)
- Contains NUCLEOLUS (Dark spot)
which makes ______(RNA)
DNA is scrunched up as ______
in DIVIDING CELLS
DNA is spread out as______
in NON-dividing cells
CILIA & FLAGELLA
Made of PROTEINS called ______
organized in a ______arrangement
that help with ______
CILIA ______& ______
FUNCTION ______
______
FLAGELLA ______& ______
FUNCTION ______
MITOCHONDRION (plural: MITOCHONDRIA)
Surrounded by ______membrane
Contains its own ______
______of cell
Burns ______
Stores energy released as ______
Folded inner membrane = ______(increases surface area for more chemical reactions)
RIBOSOMES
Can be ______or ______to Rough ER
MADE OF ______& ______
FUNCTION: ______
PROTEINS PASS FROM:
______→ ______→ ______→ ______
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM(ER)
Internal network of ______
Rough ER:
Attached ribosomes make ______
which are modified and transported to Golgi for export
ROUGH ER SMOOTH ERSmooth ER:
(with ribosomes) (NO ribosomes)Makes membrane lipids (______),
Regulates ______in muscles
Breaks down ______in liver
LYSOSOMES
Sac containing ______
FUNCTION:
Digests: ______
Plays a role in ______“programmed cell death”
Cell suicide for the good of the organism
CHLOROPLASTS
Surrounded by ______membrane
Has own ______
______= membrane sacs inside
Contain CHLOROPHYLL where
______happens
FOUND ONLY IN ______CELLS
CYTOSKELETON
Made of PROTEINS called
______
FUNCTION: ______
______
______proteins walk on cytoskeleton to move cell parts in cells.
VACUOLE
STORAGE SPACE FOR: ______
One huge vacuole in ______cells,
Many small vacuoles in ______cells
Not in ______
CENTRIOLES
Made of PROTEINS called ______
Only seen in ______cells during cell division
Function:______
CELL WALL
Found OUTSIDE the ______
Provides ______& ______
______makes plant cells sturdy
Bacteria have cell walls made of ______
Fungi have cell walls made of ______