Tronin A.A.

CATALOGUE OF THERMAL AND ATMOSPHERIC PHAENOMENA RELATED WITH EARTQUAKES

The book is the catalogue of historical and modern observations of earthquakes from 500 AD up to 2000. The catalogue contents description of space, atmospheric, hydrogeologic, accustic, electromagnetic and thermal phaenomena and also human general conditions and animal behaviour related with earthquakes. Main attention is attracted to atmospheric and thermal phaenomena. The review of earthquake ideas and theories in ancient times is inserted before the catalogue. Generally the catalogue is listed in chronological order. All data also was concentrated in tables. The catalogue contents description of 1507 earthquakes, 40 illustrations, 136 references and auxiliary informations.


Contents

Introduction - 3 -

Historical review of eartquake idea and theory - 5 -

Ancient Greece and Roma - 5 -

Earthquakes in Bible - 8 -

Earthquake theory from meadeval toXVIII - 8 -

Earthquake theory in XVIII – XX - 12 -

People ideas about earthquake - 14 -

Catalogue description - 16 -

Sources - 16 -

Data formats - 17 -

Tables format - 17 -

Calendar - 18 -

Measures - 19 -

Gazetteer - 20 -

Earthquakes до 499 года - 22 -

Earthquakes 500 - 999 - 37 -

Earthquakes 1000 - 1599 - 48 -

Earthquakes 1600 - 1749 - 66 -

Earthquakes 1750 - 1774 - 80 -

Earthquakes 1775 - 1799 - 93 -

Earthquakes 1800 - 1824 - 103 -

Earthquakes 1825 - 1849 - 119 -

Earthquakes 1850 - 1874 - 144 -

Earthquakes 1875 - 1899 - 159 -

Earthquakes 1900 - 1949 - 171 -

Earthquakes 1950 - 1999 - 185 -

Earthquakes before 499, table - 202 -

Earthquakes 500 - 999, table - 204 -

Earthquakes 1000 - 1599, table - 207 -

Earthquakes 1600 - 1749, table - 212 -

Earthquakes 1750 - 1774, table - 218 -

Earthquakes 1775 - 1799, table - 223 -

Earthquakes 1800 - 1824, table - 228 -

Earthquakes 1825 - 1849, table - 234 -

Earthquakes 1850 - 1874, table - 243 -

Earthquakes 1875 - 1899, table - 247 -

Earthquakes 1900 - 1949, table - 250 -

Earthquakes 1950 - 1999, table - 253 -

Common table for whole catalogue - 256 -

References - 257 -

Table format

Date in source / Time in source / Location / Date in seimic catalogue / Time in seimic catalogue / lat / lon / depth / M or I

Earthquakes from 1775 to 1799 year.

1775 / Tauris (Tebriz), Iran

In 1775, when Tauris was destroyed, boiling water issued from the cracks which were formed. /10/

4 Feb 1775 / Rethel, Champagne, France

During a tempest. /31/

18-19 April 1775 / night / Island of Amboyna, South-China Sea ?

The air was clear, and the weather was perfectly calm. /31/

16 Oct 1775 / Malaga, Spain

Accompanied by a violent gust of wind from the NW. /31/

30 Oct 1775 / Tournon in the Vivarais, France / 30 Oct 1775 / 10:50

Accompanied by heavy gust of wind. /31/

2 Feb 1776 / Rhode island, USA

Accompanied by igneous meteors. /31/

6 Sep 1776 / Guadaloupe

Accompanied by a violent hurricane. /31/

28 Oct 1776 / 10:45 / Northampton, UK?

A ball or balls of fire were observed in the heavens. /31/

27 Nov 1776 / 20:15 / Canterbury, Sandwich, coast of Kent

The day was gloomy and perfectly calm, wind south, barometer at 29.8 in., thermometer - 37.3 in the shade. /31/

28 Nov 1776 / 3:15 / Mannheim, Germany / 28 Nov 1776 / 3:15 / 47.7 / 7.3 / I7

Compass needle of 1 foot long deviated but 3'. The air was calm. /31/

13 Aug 1777 / 22:00 / Valley Ossau, Perenees, France

The air was calm and the sky cloudless. /31/

2 Sep 1777 / 13:30 / St.Thomas in West Indies

The last shock, on the following evening, was succeeded by an abundant fall of rain, which lasted four-and-twenty hours. /31/

14 Sep 1777 / 10:55 / Manchester, UK

The wind was easterly before, but suddenly veered round to the opposite quarter at the time of the shock. The barometer was going up all day, and was not affected by the disturbance. Various electrical phaenomena manifested themselves. Cattle were very uneasy. /31/

16 Oct 1777 / Florence, Italy

Occurred in the midst of a violent storm. /31/

Dec 1777 / Carthagena, Spain

The weather was unusually cold for the climate. /31/

5 May 1778 / 5:10 / Aleppo, Syria

Accompanied by unusual cold. /31/

3-23 July 1778 / Smyrna, Turkey

These shocks were followed by the plague. /31/

10 Oct-1 Nov 1778 / Smyrna, Turkey

The winter was excessively, with ice and snow, which is rarely the case in this place. /31/

18 Nov 1778 / Trieste, Italy

Аccompanied by a violent storm with thunder. /31/

15 Dec 1778 / Kashan, Iran / 15 Dec 1778 / 34.0 / 51.3 / 6.2

The shock was preceded by the three or four days of continuous heavy rains. [26]

1779 / Boulogne, France

Geat number of luminous spheras filled the air in the day of Boulogne earthquake in 1779. /54/

4 Jun 1779 / 7:30 / Bologna, Italy / 4 Jun 1779 / 44.45 / 11.52 / I7

On the 7th meteors were observed like rain of the fire at the mountain St.Michael in Bosco. /31/

10 June 1779 / 9:05 / Bologna, Italy / 10 June 1779 / 44.38 / 11.57 / I6.5

The weather was calm, but cloudy. The water in wells became warmer, and magnetic needle deviated 3 deg. /31/

23 Sept 1779 / Padua, Italy

During an eclipse. /31/

27 декабря 1779 - 17 января 1780 / Тебриз, Закавказье, Иран / 8 января 1780 / 38.2 / 46 / 18 / 7.7

In 1775, when Tauris was destroyed, boiling water issued from the cracks which were formed. /10/

25 Feb 1780 / Wetzlar and Konigsberg, Germany / 25 Feb 1780 / 50.3 / 7.7 / 4.2

Heavy snow and wind the day before. /31/

26 Feb 1780 / 18:35 / Boppart on the Rhine

At 19:45 a violent gust of wind from the west was perceived at Wiesbaden, Frankfort on the Maine, but decreasing in violence the futher it extended from the Rhine. /31/

27 Febb 1780 / 10:30 / Coblenz, Germany

The heavens looked usually stormy. /31/

29 Aug 1780 / 8:45 / Hafodunos, England

The barometer was hot affected. /31/

13 Feb 1781 / Messina, Italy

During the furious storm. /31/

3 June 1781 / Borgo-San-Sepolcro, Italy / 3 June 1781 / 43.58 / 12.55 / 6.1

The spring had been dry, but the summer was stormy. /31/

26 March 1781 / Okhotsk, Russia / 08 April 1781 / 6:30 / 59 / 143 / 15 / 4

Strong storm before the earthquake with NE wind and snow. Wind was changed the direction and ceased after the shock. /1/

2 Oct 1781 / Jamaica

Accompanied by a tremendous hurricane. /31/

22 Nov 1781 / Padua, Italy

The magnetic needle was agitated. /31/

15 May 1782 / Trentschin, Hungary

A chasm opened during a storm and fifty-three houses were swallowed up. /31/

15 Aug 1782 / Grenoble, France / 15 Aug 1782 / 16-16:30 / I6

The barometer was agitated. /31/

6(17) Jan 1783 / 15:00 / Semipalatinsk, Irtish, Altay, Russia / 17 Jan 1783 / 10:00 / 50.7 / 81.2 / 27 / 5.9

Winter was warm, 6 Jan was rain. All spring was changeable, frost in June./1/

5 Feb 1783 / Calabria, Italy / 4-6 Feb 1783 / 39.3 / 16.2 / I11

On February 15, 1783, according to a documented report by the earthquake researcher Giovanni Vivenzio, the sea off the coast of Calabria was unrecognizable even to experienced sea dogs. Even through the air was totally calm and there was no sign of a storm, the open sea off Bivona and Pizzo was so turbulent that fishermen felt obliged to return to port. But near the beach the sea was again totally still. The inhabitants of the coast village of Carto fled their homes when they suddenly saw the sea retreat from the bank. They thus saved themselves, not from the flood they expected (which did not come), but from a disastrous earthquake that devastated their homes a few hours later./24/

The weather was unnaturally still and gloomy, like that which often preceedes great thunderstorms, and immediately before the shock a heavy, whistling blast of wind was observed. Fire was reported to have issued from clefts in the earth near Messina. This year was remarkable for the extraordinary dry fog, which beginning in Calabria in February, overspread until autumn the greater part of Europe, and extended even to the Azores. This fog, though not consisting apparently of moisture, was so dense that the sky was quite obscured, appearing a light gray clour instead of bleu, and the sun presented a blood-red disc. In Calabria the darkness was so great that lights were obliged to be used in the houses, and vessels at sea repeatedly came in collision. The odour was most disagreeable. /31/

Fig. Catastrophical events in 1783 in Europe: plague, war with Turkish, flood. Earthquakes in Messina and Calabria are shown on the corners..

25 March 1783 / 3:00 / Malemort in Provence, France / 25 March 1783 / 3:00 / I6

At Sallon-de-Crau, three leagues from Malemort, the weather was clear and fine, yet the electrical machine gave but very feeble sparks (a very uncertain subject of observation). A strong wind, without a fixed direction, succeeded the shocks, and lasted for an hour. /31/

22 April 1783 / 4:00 / Comorn, Hungary / 22 April 1783 / 2:30 / 47.8 / 18.1 / 14 / 5.6

At Presburg followed by a violent storm. The mineral waters of Buda became warmer than usual. /31/

15 June 1783 / 4-5:00 / Godgard, Ost Gothland, Sweden

An hour before a noise like that of a carrige rolling over paverment was heard. /31/

6 July 1783 / 9:56 / Dijon, Verden, Seurre, France / 6 July 1783 / 3:00

At Besancon it appeared as if the air were compressed against the doors and windows. The noise was not subterranean, not aerial, but like that produced on throwing a handful of grain against a flat surface. The weather was hot and fine, and was not altered. The celebrated mist which obscured almost the whole of Europe and part of Asia this year, was observed here. /31/

20 July 1783 / Tripolis, Syria

The weather before had been very tempestuous, with fogs and violent rain. /31/

17 Jan 1784 / 18, 21:00 / La Rochelle, France

Accompanied by a violent storm at 9 p.m. with thunder, lightning, and hail. Some persons denied the fact of there being an earthquake altogether. /31/

March 1784, sworm / Calabria, Italy

The preceeding winter had been unusually severe and long continued both in Europe and America. A thaw of alarming suddenness took place in the middle of March, but afterwards severe cold set again. /31/

1 April 1784 / Calabria, Italy

Preceeded by terrible storm, with lightning and hail. /31/

11 May 1784 / Zailgrotz, Hungary

A thick vapour arose from a spring at this place. /31/

5 June 1784 / 12-13:00 / Caub on the Rhine

A mist preceded the first shock, and a storm followed it on the Rhine. /31/

29 July 1784 / 21-22:00 / Port-au-Prince and Cap in St.Domingo, Leonardo in Jamaica / 29 July 1784 / 14:10 / 18.3 / -72.5

A harricane occurred at the same time, both here and in Florida. /31/

31 July 1784 / 2:00 / Kingston in Jamaica

A furious hurricane raged during the whole night. /31/

15 Oct 1784 / 12:02 / Dijon, France / 15 Oct 1784 / 12:03 / I6.5

The weather at Dijon was calm and fine, and was immediately altered, but in a few days it became rainy, and continued so (with some snow) for some time. At Bourg-en-Bresse the barometer suddenly fell three lines, and rose immediately after the shock to its former level. /31/

29 Nov 1784 / 22:00 / Vosges, Haute Marne, Alsace, France, Switzerland, / 29 Nov 1784 / 21:10 / 47.85 / 7.43 / I6

The barometer was observed to fall below "stormy" not only in the region where the earthquake was experienced, but also at Paris where nothing was felt. /31/

5 Dec 1784 / 23:15 / Vosges, France

A violent wind arose at the time of earthquake and blew for thirty-six hours. The barometer fell six lines at Paris the night before. /31/

9 Dec 1784 / Briancon, dep. Hautes-Alpes, France

For some days burning vapours had been observed rising from the earth, beneath which there were deposits of coal. Very probably this is but the same event with that before given as occurring on the 9th Nov. /31/

31 Jan 1785 / midnight / Klagenfurth in Carinthia

The air was calm, and it rained heavily. /31/

20 May 1785 / Surinam

Accompanied by a tempest. /31/

18 July 1785 / Clausemberg in the basin of the Dunabe

During rain. The evening before, Dr. Konig suspected the probability of shocks from observing some considerable magnetic peerturbations. /31/

26 July 1785 / Triente, Padua, Italy

Followed by heavy falls of rain, which caused inundations of the Adige and other rivers. /31/

22 Aug 1785 / Moravia, Silesia / 22 Aug 1785 / 5:45 / 49.9 / 18.6 / 26 / 5.2

The Ephem. de Mannheim give 24th and attributes the earthquake to inundations of the Oder having undermined the ground. Irregularities of the magnetic needle were observed in Germany, both before, on, and after this day. /31/

11-12 Sept 1785 / night / Briancon in Dauphiny, France

Some days before, the atmosphere was very hot, and full of vapours. /31/

2 Oct 1785 / 22:00 / Rome, Italy / 2 Oct 1785 / 42.55 / 12.78 / I7.5

At the same time some drops of rain fell for a few minutes. /31/

9 Oct 1785 / 4:00 / Rome, Italy / 9 Oct 1785 / 42.53 / 12.78 / 5.6

It rained at Norcia the whole of the rest of the day. /31/

15 Oct 1785 / Terni, Italy

At Pie-di-Lugo several small fumaroles opened, from which there came forth smoke and an odour of sulphur. /31/

15 Oct 1785 / Thuringia, Germany / 15 Oct 1785 / 51.0 / 11.4 / I5

During the earthquake very strong crackle was heared and with calm weather fireball was seen. /4/

The atmosphere was hot and a fire-ball was observed. /31/