Appendix 1:
Case Study: JahromWDS
Jahrom is a city located in the south of Iran and its WDS was selected to examine the proposed algorithm. The WDS of Jahrom consists of three isolated zones. The population of Jahrom is 124,000 and the population of Zone threeis 5,000. Zone three is chosen to examine the proposed algorithm. FigureA1-1 shows the configuration of JahromWDS (Zone three) and FigureA1-2 shows the diurnal demand curve in JahromWDS. Tables A1-1 and A1-2 show characteristic of nodes and pipes in JahromWDS.
FigureA1-1: Layout of the JahromWDS
FigureA1-2: Diurnal demand curve in JahromWDS
This network includes 62 pipes and 44 nodes. 20% of pipes in JahromWDS are AC and the rest are PE. The total length of pipes is 9637m. FigureA1-3 shows histogram of pipe length in JahromWDS. The linkage between two nodes when the diameter is fixed, is considered as a pipe in this study. Regarding the total length of pipes and number of pipes considered in simulation, the average length of pipes is 155m.
FigureA1-3: Histogram of pipe length in JahromWDS
Table A1-1 (Supplemental Data): Characteristic of nodes in JahromWDS
ID / Elevation(m) / Demand(lit/s) / ID / Elevation(m) / Demand(lit/s)110 / 1094.55 / 0.564 / 132 / 1099.36 / 0.674
111 / 1089.88 / 2.718 / 133 / 1087.80 / 1.310
112 / 1095.18 / 0.749 / 134 / 1104.91 / 0.152
113 / 1092.42 / 0.352 / 135 / 1089.74 / 0.413
114 / 1100.45 / 0.277 / 136 / 1112.00 / 0.277
115 / 1106.98 / 0.174 / 137 / 1081.06 / 0.215
116 / 1106.43 / 0.826 / 138 / 1093.84 / 1.057
117 / 1113.27 / 1.055 / 139 / 1093.40 / 0.152
118 / 1103.00 / 0.153 / 140 / 1098.37 / 1.063
119 / 1113.00 / 1.537 / 141 / 1100.87 / 0.287
120 / 1097.33 / 0.164 / 142 / 1081.60 / 0.818+10.0*
121 / 1113.00 / 1.054 / 143 / 1085.04 / 0.619
122 / 1093.58 / 0.344 / 144 / 1108.00 / 0.000
123 / 1090.69 / 0.676 / 145 / 1107.00 / 1.954
124 / 1097.50 / 0.317 / 146 / 1108.00 / 1.661
125 / 1106.33 / 0.211 / 147 / 1107.00 / -
126 / 1105.29 / 0.374 / 148 / 1100.00 / -
127 / 1088.25 / 1.392 / 149 / 1103.00 / 0.098
128 / 1097.09 / 0.818 / 150 / 1105.00 / -
129 / 1089.95 / 0.347 / 151 / 1098.00 / -
130 / 1082.11 / 0.293 / 152 / 1090.00 / -
131 / 1094.25 / 4.341 / 153 / 1083.00 / -
* 10 (lit/s) is added to node 142 in case of firefighting demand (according to the actual design)