Canadian Statistics on Women in the Workforce
Year / % of women in paid workforce1952 / 24% (Kramarae & Spender)
1961 / 30% (HRDSC, 2006) – especially married women
Late 1960s / 40% (HRSDC, 2006) – female participation rate
1971 / 37% (Kramarae & Spender)
1976 / 42%(Almey, 2007)
Mid 1980s / 45% (Anderson), 55.4% in 1986 (Hughes, 1990)
2006 / 58% of all women 15+ worked (Almey, 2007)
Year / % of women with jobs working in 4 traditionally female occupations (teaching, nursing and other health-related jobs, clerical/admin positions, sales and service)
1987 / 72% (Almey, 2007)
2006 / 67% (Almey, 2007)
1951 / 63% of education sector workforce was women (Cook, et al., 331)
1971 / 55% of education sector workforce was women (Cook, et al., 331)
Year / % of man’s income earned by women
1911 / 52.8%(Connelly, 2010)
1961 / 59% (Anderson)
1971 / 58% (Connelly, 2010)
Mid 1980s / 72% (Anderson)
1996 / 66% (Connelly, 2010)
2010 / 74.5% based on median weekly earnings (Catalyst, 2011)
2009 / Women 25-29 working full time earned 85% of similar men’s income; women 50-54 earned 72% of similar men’s income (Conference Board of Canada, 2011)
Royal Commission on the Status of Women, appointed 1967, reported 1970.
“1)women should be free to choose whether or not to take employment outside their homes
2) the care of children is a responsibility to be shared by the mother, father, and society
3) society has a responsibility for women because of pregnancy and childbirth
4) in certain areas women will, for an interim period, require special treatment to overcome the adverse effects of discriminatory practices” (Applied History Research Group, 1997).”
Works Cited
Almey, M. (2007, April 20). Statistics Canada. Women in Canada. Work chapter
updates. Retrieved April 15, 2010 from
Anderson, D. ( n.d.). Status of women: 1945 to the present. The Canadian
Encyclopedia. Retrieved April 20, 2010 from
RTA0007673
Applied History Research Group – University of Calgary. (1997). Calgary and Southern
Alberta: time of change, 1960s to the present: Royal Commission on the Status
of Women. Retrieved April 20, 2010 from
Catalyst. (2011, April). Women’s earnings and income. Retrieved Dec. 13, 2011 from
Conference Board of Canada. (2011). Society: gender income gap. Retrieved Dec. 13,
2011 from gap.aspx#_ftn2
Connelly, M.P. (2010). Women in the labour force. The Canadian Encyclopedia.
Retrieved April 15, 2010 from
RTA0008680
Cook, S. A., McLean, L.R., & O’Rourke, K. (2001). Framing Our Past. Canadian
Women’s History in the 20th Century. Canada: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
Retrieved Dec. 13, 2011 from Google Books.
Hughes, K. (1990, Summer). Trading places: Men and women in non-traditional
occupations, 1971-86. Perspectives on Labour and Income. Retrieved April 20,
2010 from eng.pdf
Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. (2006, Nov. 28). Overview of
evolution of the Canadian labour market from 1940 to the present – November
2000. Section 3: The 1970s. Retrieved April 19, 2010 from
International Labour Organization. (1997, Dec. 11). Women’s progress in workforce
improving worldwide, but occupational segregation still rife. Retrieved April 19,
2010 from
releases/lang--en/WCMS_008040/index.htm
Kramarae, C. and Spender, D. (n.d.). Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women.
New York: Routledge. Retrieved April 15, 2010 from Google Books.