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7th Grade Social Studies
Canada, Mexico, & U.S. History from the Revolution to Reconstruction
Class 161— Gettysburg Address
May 11, 2015
Focus: Read the Gettysburg Address on the back of this paper.
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Student Objectives:
1. I will explain the significance of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address.
Homework:
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 5 pgs. 540-542 stop @ The South Surrenders (due 5/12)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 5 pgs. 542-543 start @ The South Surrenders (due 5/14)
-Civil War Map Quiz Monday 5/18
-Chapter 16 Test Tuesday 5/19
Handouts:
Gettysburg Address
I. Speakers at Gettysburg
A. Edward Everett
B. Abraham Lincoln
Key terms/ideas/ people/places:
Edward Everett Abraham Lincoln score
By the end of class today, I will be able to answer the following:
How did the people respond to Lincoln’s speech?
Who spoke the longest at Gettysburg?
What was the historical significance of his speech?
Gettysburg Address
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
Abraham Lincoln
November 19, 1863
Notes
Class 161— Gettysburg Address
May 11, 2015
Nearly five months after the battle at Gettysburg, thousands came back to the town to dedicate a cemetery to those who had fallen. The town was packed and so were the hotels. Many individuals had to share rooms in the hotels. Governors from many of the states arrived to pay tribute to the many that gave their lives at this battle. Lincoln was one of the few to have his own room.
Lincoln was not the only speaker that day. Edward Everett spoke first. He spoke for nearly two hours. Lincoln sat quietly and patiently waited his turn.
Once Everett was done, Lincoln took his turn. Lincoln was not very popular at this time. Northerners didn’t like the way he was handling the war. Many, didn’t even realize he spoke at the event. Everett spoke for two hours, Lincoln spoke for about two minutes.
There were mixed reactions about Lincoln’s speech.
· The Chicago Tribune predicted that it would "live among the annals of man," while its competitor, the Chicago Times, editorialized that "the cheek of every American must tingle with shame as he reads the silly, flat, and dishwatery utterances of the president."
· Event orator Edward Everett wrote Lincoln the next day: "I should be glad, if I could flatter myself that I came as near to the central idea of the occasion, in two hours, as you did in two minutes."
· Historians give Lincoln’s speech more credit than those who first heard it.
Lincoln’s speech defined what the war was about and really sums up the ideals that America was founded upon.
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7th Grade Social Studies
Canada, Mexico, & U.S. History from the Revolution to Reconstruction
Class 162— Hard War
May 12, 2015
Focus: Read the handout on the back of this page. Then, sit quietly.
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Student Objectives:
1. I will analyze the Wilderness Campaign.
2. I will compare and contrast General Ulysses S. Grant’s and General William Tecumseh Sherman’s ideas of war with General McClellan’s and General Lee’s.
3. I will define the term “hard war” or “total war.”
4. I will identify Sherman’s March.
Homework:
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 5 pgs. 542-543 start @ The South Surrenders (due 5/14)
-Civil War Map Quiz Monday 5/18
-Chapter 16 Test Tuesday 5/19
Handouts:
Sherman’s march handout
I. The Wilderness Campaign
II. A different view of war
III. Sherman’s March
A. Where
B. How Long
C. Impact
Key terms/ideas/ people/places:
Robert E. Lee George McClellan William Tecumseh Sherman Ulysses S. Grant
Hard War Wilderness Campaign Hard War Georgia Atlanta
Savannah Philip Sheridan
By the end of class today, I will be able to answer the following:
What is hard war?
What was the difference between McClellan and Grant/Sherman?
How did Grant change the way the war was fought?
Who “skinned” Virginia?
What was the overall impact on the South thanks to Sherman’s March?
Name:______Date:______
“War is cruelty….The crueler it is the sooner it will be over.”
“We have to destroy them.”
“I will make Georgia howl.”
You are General Sherman. You have proposed to take 60,000 men and 25,000 horses on a “hard war” march through the heart of the South. You plan on “skinning the South.” You give each man only five days worth of rations. Lincoln is nervous and Grant feels unsure about your undertaking. As general of such a large fighting force, you need to come up with a strategy for fighting in a “foreign” land. Answer the following questions to come up with your strategy for victory.
How will you feed your army?
Why can’t you stay in one location for very long?
What tactics will you use?
What areas will you target?
What parts of southern infrastructure will you target?
What kind of defenses do you envision the Confederates using against you?
How will you hold cities that you capture?
How will you navigate around torpedoes (land mines) in the roads?
How will you deal with the large number of African Americans that leave their homes and follow your army?
Notes
Class 162— Hard War
May 12, 2015
Wilderness Campaign:
· Grants attempts to capture Richmond
Robert E. Lee
· “It is well that war is so horrible, else we should grow too fond of it.”
Stonewall Jackson
· “He places no value on human life, caring for nothing so much as fighting, unless it be praying.”
George McClellan
· “I am tired of the sickening sight of the battlefield, with its mangled corpses and the poor suffering wounded! Victory has no charms for me while purchased at such cost….”
Ulysses S. Grant
· “A new General was at the head of affairs, and he was going in, with jaws set and nerves of steel, to smash, kill, burn, annihilate, sparing nothing, looking neither right or left, till the red road had been hewed through Richmond.”
· Who would win according to Grant?
o The side “which never counted its dead.”
William Tecumseh Sherman
· “regard the death and mangling of a couple of thousand men as a small affair, a kind of morning dash.”
· The first “modern general”
In Grant’s mind, he is going to skin the South. Before, he ordered small cavalry bands to go about the South and mostly destroy large plantations that were loyal to the Southern cause. Now instead of small raiding parties, he is going to send entire armies on these missions. Grant would order General Sheridan to march through Virginia’s Shenandoah Valley. However, Grant would leave the major skinning of the South to General Sherman.
Sherman will take 60,000 men and 25,000 horses on his march. Lincoln is extremely nervous about the idea and General Grant, now in charge of the army, is also unsure. Sherman would also send out what they called “bummers.” These were foragers that made things personal for the south as they would raid homes of money and other valuables. Let’s look at Sherman’s own words and what he intended to do:
· “Generally, war is destruction and nothing else.”
· “War is cruelty and cannot refine it.”
· “I have made war vindictively; war is war, and you can make nothing else of it.”
· “Men go to war to kill or to get killed and should expect no tenderness.”
· “the crueler [war] is, the sooner it will be over.”
· Death “is popularly considered the maximum punishment in war, but it is not; reduction to poverty brings prayers for peace more surley and more quickly than does the destruction of human life.”
· “All that has gone before is mere skirmishing. The war now begins.”
Sherman will start in Atlanta. Sherman will take the city, but he knows once he leaves the Confederates will just move back in.
· Before leaving the city, he burns it.
· Sherman’s burning of Atlanta is often exaggerated. He really only burned 30% of the city. Once the city is burned, Sherman marches towards the ocean. He takes 60,000 soldiers on his march.
· Soldiers only received five days of rations-anything they could not eat would be destroyed. As Sherman phrased it,“In districts and neighborhoods where the army is unmolested no destruction of such property should be permitted; but should guerrillas or bushwhackers molest our march, or should the inhabitants burn bridges, obstruct roads, or otherwise manifest local hostility, then army commanders should order and enforce a devastation more or less relentless according to the measure of such hostility.”
Sherman needed to communicate on his march. He told one of his officers, “See here…burn a few barns occasionally, as you go along. I can’t understand those signal flags, but I know what smoke means.”
. One of Sherman’s soldiers described it differently, they “destroyed all we could not eat…burned their cotton & gins, spilled their sorghum, burned & twisted their R. Roads and raised Hell generally as you know an army can when turned loose.”
12. Once he got to the sea he turns and heads up through the Carolinas and burns Columbia, SC and Raleigh, NC. Sherman had not intended to burn Columbia, but the troops got out of hand and the city was burned including homes. “The whole army is burning with an insatiable desire to wreak vengeance upon South Carolina.”
Results of Sherman’s march:
100,000 Confederate deserters in 1865
650 miles in 100 days
3 state capitals
Loses 600 men out of 60,000
“Thousands of people may perish, but they now realise that war means something else than vain glory and boasting…I have taught people what war is.”
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7th Grade Social Studies
Canada, Mexico, & U.S. History from the Revolution to Reconstruction
Class 163— CSS Hunley
May 13, 2015
Focus: Why would the Confederacy be in such desperation to try to attack using a submarine? What advantages do submarines have? What disadvantages do they have?
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Student Objectives:
1. I will analyze the significance of the C.S.S. Hunley.
.
Homework:
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 5 pgs. 542-543 start @ The South Surrenders (due 5/14)
-Civil War Map Quiz Monday 5/18
-Chapter 16 Test Tuesday 5/19
Handouts:
none
I. Hunley
Key terms/ideas/ people/places:
Lt. George Dixon South Carolina CSS Hunley
Blockade
By the end of class today, I will be able to answer the following:
What did the Hunley do?
Who commanded the Hunley? What did he always carry with him?
Notes
Class 163— CSS Hunley
May 13, 2015
CSS Hunley:
· Commanded by Lt. George Dixon
· First submarine in history to sink and enemy warship
o USS Housatonic
· Discovered in 1995
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7th Grade Social Studies
Canada, Mexico, & U.S. History from the Revolution to Reconstruction
Class 164—The War Ends
May 14, 2015
Focus: What do you already know about General Lee? General Grant?
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Student Objectives:
1. I will compare and contrast the Union General Ulysses S. Grant and the Confederate General Robert E. Lee.
2. I will describe the impact of the siege of Petersburg, Virginia.
3. I will explain what took place in the town of Appomattox Court House, Virginia.
Homework:
-Civil War Map Quiz Monday 5/18
-Chapter 16 Test Tuesday 5/19
Handouts:
None
I. Lee and Grant
II. Petersburg
III. Appomattox
Key terms/ideas/ people/places:
Petersburg siege Robert E. Lee Ulysses S. Grant Petersburg
Appomattox
“I can stand two months of siege work; no more charging to be required of your humble sergeant-major.”