Byzantine, Russia, Turkish & Islamic Empires

World History

Byzantine, Russia, Turkish & Islamic Empires

Chapter 11 Section 2: pp.307-313

TheRussianEmpire

BEFORE YOU READ

Inthelastsection,youreadabouttheestablishmentand declineoftheByzantineEmpire.Inthissection,youwilllearnabouttheemergenceofRussia.

AS YOU READ

Usethetimelinebelowtoshowkeyeventsintheearly developmentofRussia.

TERMSANDNAMES:

Slavs

Vladimir

YaroslavtheWise

AlexanderNevsky

IvanIII

Czar

800s

VikingsenterthelandsoftheSlavs

10191453

9571200s1480

Russia’sBirth(pages307–308)

WhoweretheSlavs?

The Slavs lived in what is today eastern Russia. TheareawasboundedbytheUralMountainsand theBlackSeaonthesouthandtheBalticSeaon thenorth.

TheSlavslivedintheforestareas.Theyworked asfarmersandtraders.Inthe800s,someVikings called the Rus came from the north. They built fortsalongtheriversandblendedwiththeSlavic people.TheyfoundedthecitiesofNovgorodand Kiev and became the rulers of the land. They begantotradeinConstantinople.Withthem,they broughtfurs,timber,andtheSlavswhoweretheir

subjects.Theysoldthesepeopleasslaves.Infact,

thewordslavecomesfromSlav.

Overtime,theVikingsadoptedthecultureof theSlavs.DivisionsbetweenVikingsandSlavsdis- appeared. In957PrincessOlgaofKievconverted toChristianity.Hergrandson,Vladimir,alsocon- vertedtoByzantineChristianity.Hewastheruler ofRussia.Heorderedallofhissubjectstoadopt thisreligion.NowmorethantradelinkedRussiato theByzantineEmpire.

Russia also looked to Constantinople for reli- gious leadership. Teachers from the empire gave theRussianpeopleinstructionsinthenewreligion. Thekinglikedtheideathattheruleroftheempire wasalsotheheadofthechurch.

1.HowdidOlgaandVladimirinﬂuencethe

Slavicpeople?

TheMongolshadbeenﬁerceconquerors,but theywerenotharshrulers.AslongastheRussian

peopledidnotrebel,theMongolsletthemkeep their customs, including their Eastern Christian

religion.

TheMongolsmadetheRussianspaytribute,a

Kiev’sPowerandDecline(pages308–309)

WhatcausedKiev’srise?

UndertheinﬂuenceofByzantineculture,Kievgrew tobealarge,wealthy,andculturedcity.Itcontinued togrowasVladimirtooklandtothewestandtothe north.Hisson,YaroslavtheWise,cametopower in1019.Heprovedtobeanableruleraswell.Under him, Kiev grew even more wealthy through trade andalliancesmadewithwesternnations.

ThenthestatecenteredinKievbegantohave problems.AfterYaroslav’sdeathin1054,hissons foughtoneanotherforcontroloftheland.Trade declined,cuttingthewealthofKiev.

2.WhatcausedKiev’sdecline?

______

TheMongolInvasions;Russia

BreaksFree(pages309–311)

HowdidtheMongolinvasions changeRussia?

sumofmoneythatwasowedeveryyear.Theyused Russiannoblestocollectthetribute.Oneofthose nobles, Alexander Nevsky, gained power. His heirsbecameprincesofMoscow.Theylaterused thiscityastheirbaseofpower.

ControlbytheMongolshadimportanteffects on Russia. It isolated the Russians from western Europe.Russiansocietydevelopedinitsownway. RulebytheMongolsunitedmanydifferentareas ofRussiaunderonecentralauthority.Beforethen, whatisnowRussiahadbeenruledbyanumberof princes.MongolrulealsoledtotheriseofMoscow, which had a good location near three major rivers—theDnieper,theDon,andtheVolga.

IvanIincreasedtheinﬂuenceofMoscow.Over time,Ivanandhissuccessorsaddedtothelandthat Moscowcontrolled.Inthelate1400s,underIvan III, Russiagrewtobeamightyempire.In1453, theByzantineEmpirehadfallen,defeatedbythe Turks.In1472,Ivanmarriedthenieceofthelast Byzantineemperor.Fromthattime,hecalledhim- selfczar—theRussianversionofCaesar.In1480, IvanﬁnallybrokewiththeMongols.

3.NamethreeeffectsofMongolruleonRussia.

1. ______

In the middle 1200s, the Mongols reached Kiev.2. They quickly overran the Russian state, killing

manypeople.TheMongolsheldcontrolofthearea3.

formorethan200years.

DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS AND NAMES:

Slavs

Vladimir

YaroslavtheWise

AlexanderNevsky

IvanIII

czar

World History

Byzantine, Russia, Turks and Islam

TheRussianEmpire

Section 2: Read pages 307- 313:DeterminingMainIdeas: AsyoureadabouttheByzantineculturethat developedinRussia,takenotestoanswerthequestionsintheboxes.

1.WhattieslinkedKievtoByzantium? What was 2. How did VladimirandhissonYaroslavcontribute the role of Princess Olga? tothepowerofKiev?

3. WhatfactorsbroughtaboutKiev’sdecline? 4. HowdidtheMongolstreattheRussianpeople?

5. WhatweresomeeffectsofMongolrule 6. Whateventsmarkedthebeginningofan

onRussia? independentRussianEmpire?