Bones and Structures of the Skeleton

Bones and Structures of the Skeleton

Axial Skeleton

Vertebrae

Body

Lamina

Pedicle

Spinous process

Transverse process

Transverse foramen (cervical only)

Superior articular process

Inferior articular process

Inferior notch

Intervertebral foramen

Demifacet (thoracic only)

Facet (thoracic only

Vertebral foramen

Atlas: Anterior arch, Posterior arch, Superior articular facet, Inferior articular

Axis: Dens (odontoid process), Superior articular facet, Inferior articular facet

Sacrum: Sacral promontory, Sacral foramina, Sacral canal, body, ala, Articular

Fossa for ilium, coccyx

Thoracic Cage

Sternum

Manubrium

Gladiolus (body)

Xiphoid process

Clavicular notch

Jugular (interclavicular) notch

Sternal angle

Costal facets

Ribs

1st rib

Head of rib

Neck of rib

Tubercle of rib

Sternal end

Body

Costal groove

Skull: ANTERIOR aspect of the skull: BONES

FrontalEthmoidMaxilla

NasalLacrimalTemporal

Inferior nasal conchaVomerMandible

SphenoidZygomataic

STRUCTURES

Nasal cavitySupraorbital foramenOptic canal (foramen)

Mental foramenPerpendicular plateSuperior orbital fissure

Orbital cavityInfraorbital foramenInferior orbital fissure

Alveolar processMiddle nasal concha

LATERAL Aspect of Skull: BONES

MandibleFrontalMaxilla

TemporalSphenoidNasal

OccipitalLacrimal

ParietalEthmoid

STRUCTURES

Zygomatic archCondylar process (mandibular condyle)

Zygomatic process (temporal)Mastoid process

Temporal process (zygomataic)Squamous suture

Alveolar processStyloid process

Lambdoid sutureExternal occipital protuberance

External acoustic meatusLacrimal fossa

Coronoid process

POSTERIOR Aspect of the Skull: BONES and SUTURES

ParietalSagittal suture

OccipitalLambdoid suture

External occipital protuberance

INFERIOR Aspect of Skull

Occipital bone

Occipital condylesForamen magnum External occipital protuberance

Hypoglossal canal

Maxilla

Palatine process

Palatine bone

Horizontal plate

Temporal bone

Carotid canal Mastoid process Styloid process

Foramen lacerumJugular foramenStylomastoid foramen

Jugular foramen, Mandibular fossaZygomatic process

External acoustic meatus

Sphenoid

Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum Foramen rotundum,

Greater wing Lesser wing optic canal

Anterior clinoid process Posterior clinoid process,

Superior orbital fissure Internal acoustic meatus

Medial Pterygoid process Lateral Pterygoid process

Vomer

Ethmoid

Cribiform plate

Crista galli

Perpendicular plate

Superior nasal concha

Middle nasal concha

Maxilla

Palatine processAlveolar processInfraorbital foramen

Mandible

RamusBodyAngle

Coronoid processAlveolar processMandibular notch

Condylar processMandibular foramenMental foramen

Ear Ossicles

MalleusIncusStapes

Appendicular Skeleton

Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle

Clavicles

Acromial endSternal end

Scapula

Suprascapular notchSupraglenoid tubercle

Superior borderInfraglenoid tubercle

Superior angleCoracoid process

Inferior angleAcromion process

Axillary border (lateral)Spine

Subscapular fossaSupraspinous fossa

Glenoid cavityInfraspinous fossa

Humerus

HeadDeltoid tuberosityTrochlea

Surgical neckRadial grooveMedial epicondyle

Anatomical neckLateral supracondylar ridgeMedial supracondylar ridge

Greater tubercleLateral epicondyleCoronoid fossa

Lesser tubercleRadial fossaOlecranoon fossa

Intertubercular sulcusCapitulum

Radius

HeadRadial tuberosityUlnar notch

Styloid process

Ulna

Head Olecranon processTrochlear notch

Coronoid processRadial notchStyloid process

Carpals (rows of 4)

CapitateLunate

TrapezoidTriquetrum

TrapeziumPisiform

ScaphoidHamate

Metacarpals (1-5)

Phalanges (1-5)

ProximalMiddleDistal

Pelvic Girdle

Os Coxae (hip bones)

Ilium

Iliac crest

Anterior superior iliac spine

Anterior inferior iliac spine

Posterior superior iliac spine

Posterior inferior iliac spine

Greater sciatic notch

Ishium

Ischial spine

Lesser sciatic notch

Ischial tuberosity

Ischiopubic ramus

Inferior ramus of pubis

Inferior ramus of ischium

Pubis

Superior ramus of pubis

Acetabular fossa

Acetabular notch

Acetabulum

Obturator foramen

Lower Limb

Femur

HeadLinea asperior

Fovea capitisLateral epicondyle

NeckMedial epicondyle

Greater trochanterAdductor tubercle

Lesser trochanterMedial condyle

Intertrochanteric crestLateral condyle

Intertrochanteric lineIntercondylar fossa

Gluteal tuberosityPatellar surface

Tibia

Lateral condyleMedial condyle

Intercondylar eminenceTibial tuberosity

Anterior crestMedial malleolus

Fibula

HeadLateral malleolus

Foot

Tarsals (7)

What are they?

Metatarsals (5)

Phalanges (1-5)

ProximalMiddleDistal

Patella

Hyoid bone

Review the fractures in the lab manual for the Examination

Review the types of joints (handout) and the synovial joints in the lab manual

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