Blue Book Chapter 1: The New Nation 1789-1820

On your paper, write out the questions and answer them underneath.

This will count as a test grade: you only have the class period to complete.

All answers are in the blue book and in your notes.

  1. Why did America adopt the Constitution?
  2. What law was passed that established the Federal court system?
  3. What plan called for the creation of a national bank, the adoption of high tariffs and an excise tax along with the federal government taking over state revolutionary war debt?
  4. Who opposed the plan?
  5. Which political party believed in strict interpretation of the constitution?
  6. Who was their leader?
  7. Which political party believed in weak interpretation of the constitution?
  8. Who was their leader?
  9. What did George Washington warn against in his Farewell Address?
  10. What caused the rise of political parties?
  11. Identify the position of the Federalists
  12. Identify the position of the Democratic-Republicans
  13. What law did John Adams pass that caused conflict between the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans?
  14. What states moved to nullify the law?
  15. Define Doctrine of Nullification
  16. What was the importance of the Election of 1800?
  17. Why did John Adams pass the Judiciary Act of 1801?
  18. What was the importance of Marbury v. Madison?
  19. What was the importance of the Hartford Convention?
  20. What were the causes of the War of 1812?
  21. What ended the War of 1812?
  22. What important house was burned?
  23. What clause did Thomas Jefferson use to purchase Louisiana?
  24. Who voted in the new nation?
  25. Define suffrage
  26. What did Abigail Adams want John Adams to do?
  27. What Battle did Native Americans loose the Ohio RiverValley?
  28. What treaty ended the battle?
  29. What Native American formed a confederation to unite the Native American people to prevent the settling of Native American lands?
  30. Who invented the cotton gin?
  31. What did the cotton gin do to slavery?
  32. Why was slavery viewed as a “necessary evil”?
  33. Why did George Washington issue the Proclamation of Neutrality?
  34. Identify the provisions of Jay’s treaty.
  35. What political impact did the XYZ affair have on America?
  36. What did the Embargo Act of 1807 do?
  37. What did the Non-Intercourse Act do?
  38. Who wanted to go to War in 1812?
  39. Who wanted peace in 1812?
  40. Who was president in 1812?
  41. What were the important events of the War of 1812?
  42. What battle was fought after the Treaty of Ghent was signed and raised American nationalism?
  43. What were the effects of the War of 1812?
  44. What treaty did America make with Spain that gave the right of free navigation of the Mississippi and the right to deposit in New Orleans?
  45. What did the U.S. gain from the Adams-Onis Treaty?
  46. What purchase did the U.S. gain that doubled the size of the U.S.?
  47. Who developed a Cherokee alphabet to publish a tribal newspaper?
  48. Identify the Five Civilized Tribes.
  49. What law was passed that removed the Native Americas from the Southeast?
  50. Identify Worchester v. Georgia
  51. Identify the Trail of Tears.
  52. Identify the Webster-Ashburton treaty.
  53. What was the importance of the Lewis and Clark Expedition?
  54. What was the importance of the Missouri Compromise?
  55. Who led the Texans to Texas for free land?
  56. What were the causes of the Texas War for Independence?
  57. What was the battle that became the rally cry for Texans?
  58. What was the importance of the Election of 1844?
  59. What was James K. Polk’s slogan?
  60. Identify the candidates’ platforms.
  61. define Convention of 1818
  62. What was the importance of 54-40 or fight?
  63. Define Manifest Destiny
  64. Who did Polk order to lead his troops to the Texas border and pick a fight with Mexico?
  65. Why did Polk want to pick a fight with Mexico?
  66. What was the disputed border?
  67. What ended the Mexican-American War?
  68. What did the U.S. gain?
  69. Define Wilmot Proviso
  70. Identify the Bear Flag Revolt
  71. What started the Gold Rush of 1848?
  72. What were the people called who went west for gold?
  73. Define and identify the important parts of the Compromise of 1850
  74. What purchase gave the U.S. present day boundaries?
  75. Define neoclassical architecture
  76. Who wrote a book that praised America’s political system and called the United States a land of opportunity where, “most of the rich men were formerly poor.”
  77. Who wrote the first dictionary?
  78. Define Hudson riverSchool of Art
  79. What did they paint?
  80. Who was the first American author to win international praise?
  81. Who was America’s first mystery writer
  82. Who wrote about the American frontier?
  83. Define Transcendentalism
  84. Who were the leaders of the Transcendentalists?
  85. What invention caused the development of sectionalism?
  86. Identify “cotton kingdom”
  87. define interchangeable parts
  88. Who was the father of the American Industrial Revolution?
  89. define plantation system
  90. define factory system
  91. How did the Erie Canal change America?
  92. Who invented the steam boat?
  93. Who invented the telegraph that helped to revolutionize America’s communication?
  94. Who invented the steel plow that helped farmers out west cut the deep sod?
  95. Who invented the mechanical reaper that increased the production of wheat and grains?
  96. What connected the fields of the west with the industrial centers of the east?
  97. What sectional issue caused a conflict with the expansion of America westward?
  98. Identify the differences between the north and the south
  99. What did an increase in immigration cause to develop in America between 1825 and 1855?
  100. Define Know-Nothings
  101. What immigrants were coming to America in large numbers?
  102. Why were they considered different?
  103. define Monroe Doctrine
  104. How did the Monroe Doctrine contribute to sectionalism?
  105. define American System
  106. How did the American system contribute to sectionalism?
  107. Define Panic of 1819
  108. Identify the effects of Nat Turner’s Rebellion
  109. What were slave codes?
  110. Why was the Election of 1824 considered a “Corrupt bargain”?
  111. Who was elected in 1824?
  112. define Tariff of Abominations
  113. Who was elected in 1829?
  114. define spoils system
  115. Why did South Carolina have a Nullification Crisis
  116. What settled the issue?
  117. What did Jackson go to war with?
  118. Why?
  119. Why did the Whig Party develop?
  120. Who won the Election of 1840
  121. What were the issues?
  122. define Second Great Awakening
  123. Who were the leaders of the Second Great Awakening?
  124. Who advocated educational reform?
  125. Who advocated prison reform?
  126. define abolitionist movement
  127. Who published the Liberator?
  128. identify abolitionist leaders
  129. define temperance movement
  130. who were the temperance leaders
  131. who were the women’s rights leaders
  132. what did they want?
  133. define utopian community
  134. identify three utopian communities.

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Blue Book Chapter 1: The New Nation 1789-1820

On your paper, write out the questions and answer them underneath.

This will count as a test grade: you only have the class period to complete.

All answers are in the blue book and in your notes.

  1. Why did America adopt the Constitution?

The Articles of Confederation were weak

They could not:

Enforce laws

Tax

Was a weak agreement of cooperation by the states

  1. What law was passed that established the Federal court system?

Judiciary Act of 1789

  1. What plan called for the creation of a national bank, the adoption of high tariffs and an excise tax along with the federal government taking over state revolutionary war debt?

Hamilton’s Economic Plan

  1. Who opposed the plan?

Thomas Jefferson and the Anti-Federalists

  1. Which political party believed in strict interpretation of the constitution?

Anti-Federalists (Democratic-Republicans)

  1. Who was their leader?

Thomas Jefferson

  1. Which political party believed in weak interpretation of the constitution?

Federalists

  1. Who was their leader?

Alexander Hamilton

  1. What did George Washington warn against in his Farewell Address?

Don’t form political parties or alliances with other countries

  1. What caused the rise of political parties?

Differing views on the interpretation of the Constitution

Main issue = Hamilton’s Economic plan and the formation of the National Bank

  1. Identify the position of the Federalists

For Hamilton’s economic plan and the formation of a National Bank

Favored a strong central government

  1. Identify the position of the Democratic-Republicans

Against Hamilton’s economic plan and the formation of a National Bank because they did not believe the Constitution allowed the government the power to create a bank (strict interpretation of Constitution)

Favored a weak national government/ For states rights

  1. What law did John Adams pass that caused conflict between the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans?

Alien and Sedition Acts

Democratic-Republicans viewed it as unconstitutional because it violated the first amendment

  1. What states moved to nullify the law?

Kentucky and Virginia (Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions)

  1. Define Doctrine of Nullification

Idea that states have a right to nullify a law they view as unconstitutional (States’ Rights)

  1. What was the importance of the Election of 1800?

First peaceful transfer of political power

Adams (Federalist) to Thomas Jefferson (Democratic Republican)

  1. Why did John Adams pass the Judiciary Act of 1801?

To ensure the Federalist Legacy continued: Judges were appointed that were Federalist because Thomas Jefferson was a Democratic Republican and from an opposing political party

  1. What was the importance of Marbury v. Madison?

Established the principle of Judicial Review

  1. What was the importance of the Hartford Convention?

Purpose = protest Embargo Act of 1807

Federalist Convention

Addressed the concerns that the Embargo had placed on the New England Merchants and they called for special treatment to continue their trade

Illustrates a conflict between the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans

  1. What were the causes of the War of 1812?

Impressment

Seizure of Ships

Britain and France failing to recognize American neutrality

British using Native Americans in the Northwest territory to attack American settlers

  1. What ended the War of 1812?

Treaty of Ghent

  1. What important house was burned?

White House

  1. What clause did Thomas Jefferson use to purchase Louisiana?

Elastic Clause because it gave the government all powers that were “necessary and proper” for government to function

  1. Who voted in the new nation?

White landed males

  1. Define suffrage

Right to vote

  1. What did Abigail Adams want John Adams to do?

“Remember the ladies” and give them political rights in the new nation

  1. What Battle did Native Americans loose the Ohio RiverValley?

Battle of Fallen Timbers

  1. What treaty ended the battle?

Treaty of Greenville

  1. What Native American formed a confederation to unite the Native American people to prevent the settling of Native American lands?

Tecumseh

  1. Who invented the cotton gin?

Eli Whitney

  1. What did the cotton gin do to slavery?

Institutionalized Slavery

  1. Why was slavery viewed as a “necessary evil”?

Plantation owners need a large supply of cheap labor to grow cash crops

Northern industry depended on the south for cotton

  1. Why did George Washington issue the Proclamation of Neutrality?

War between France and Britain

  1. Identify the provisions of Jay’s treaty.

Country treaty negotiated with = Britain

Britain promised to evacuate posts on American soil in the Northwest Territory

And pay damages for seized American ships

  1. What political impact did the XYZ affair have on America?

Country = France

U.S. went to France to try to negotiate a treaty and the French demanded bribes before the ambassadors could talk/ The American ambassadors left without negotiations

Hurt U.S./ French relations

  1. What did the Embargo Act of 1807 do?

Stopped all foreign trade for the U.S.

  1. What did the Non-Intercourse Act do?

Repealed the Embargo Act of 1807 by stating that the first country to uphold American neutrality would have free trade in America

  1. Who wanted to go to War in 1812?

War Hawks: John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay

  1. Who wanted peace in 1812?

Doves

  1. Who was president in 1812?

James Madison “Madison’s Little War”

  1. What were the important events of the War of 1812?

Battle of Horseshoe Bend

Treaty of Ghent: Peace Treaty

Battle of New Orleans: U.S. victory after the Treaty of Ghent had been signed

  1. What battle was fought after the Treaty of Ghent was signed and raised American nationalism?

Battle of New Orleans

  1. What were the effects of the War of 1812?

No effect on land because boundaries were returned to where they were before (Status quo Antebellum)

American Nationalism raised

America gained economic independence from Britain

  1. What treaty did America make with Spain that gave the right of free navigation of the Mississippi and the right to deposit in New Orleans?

Pickney’s Treaty

  1. What did the U.S. gain from the Adams-Onis Treaty?

Florida

  1. What purchase did the U.S. gain that doubled the size of the U.S.?

Louisiana

  1. Who developed a Cherokee alphabet to publish a tribal newspaper?

Sequoyah

  1. Identify the Five Civilized Tribes.

Cherokee, Chicksaw, Creek, Seminol, Choctaw

  1. What law was passed that removed the Native Americas from the Southeast?

Indian Removal Act of 1830

  1. Identify Worchester v. Georgia

Cheorkee sued for their land because Georgia was forcing them to leave

Supreme Court said that it was Unconstitutional to take their land because they were a protected sovereign nation

Andrew Jackson disregarded the ruling and forcibly removed the Cherokee

  1. Identify the Trail of Tears.

800 miles the Five Civilized tribes were forced to walk to remove them from the east to land west of the Mississippi

  1. Identify the Webster-Ashburton treaty.

Established America’s northern border with Canada

De-militarized the border

  1. What was the importance of the Lewis and Clark Expedition?

Find the Northwest Passage: water route to the Pacific

Map and record what is in the Northwest

  1. What was the importance of the Missouri Compromise?

Maintained a balance of power between free and slave states in Congress

  1. Who led the Texans to Texas for free land?

Stephen Austin

  1. What were the causes of the Texas War for Independence?

Texas settlers were forced to follow Mexican law

Becoming Catholic

Speaking Spanish

No Slavery

  1. What was the battle that became the rally cry for Texans?

“Remember the Alamo”

  1. What was the importance of the Election of 1844?

Issues:

Texas annexation

Oregon territory

Expansion of the U.S.

  1. What was James K. Polk’s slogan?

“Fifty-Four Forty or Fight”: 54th Parallel for the border of OregonTerritory

  1. Identify the candidates’ platforms.

Polk: strong government

For annexation of Texas and Oregon

For westward expansion of the U.S. and Manifest destiny

For slavery

Tyler:

Could not get Texas annexed

For abolition of slavery

  1. define Convention of 1818

Convention to settle the occupation of OregonTerritory between the U.S. and Britain

Outcome: Joint occupation

Effect: U.S. setters left for OregonTerritory

  1. What was the importance of 54-40 or fight?

It was a rally cry for war against the British over the northern boundary of OregonTerritory

  1. Define Manifest Destiny

Idea coined by John O’Sullivan

19th century belief that the U.S. would inevitably expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific

  1. Who did Polk order to lead his troops to the Texas border and pick a fight with Mexico?

General Zachary Taylor

General Scott

  1. Why did Polk want to pick a fight with Mexico?

Conflict over border:

U.S. believed the Rio Grande was boundary

Mexico believed the Nueces was boundary

Mexican President Santa Anna refused to negotiate

Polk wanted the Mexican land in the west

  1. What was the disputed border?

Rio Grande

  1. What ended the Mexican-American War?

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

Mexico gave up the Mexican cession territories

  1. What did the U.S. gain?

MexicanCessionTerritories:

California, Utah, New Mexico, and Texas

  1. Define Wilmot Proviso

Proposal to not extend slavery into the western territories

  1. Identify the Bear Flag Revolt

California’s cession battle during the Mexican-American War

California became independent from Mexico

  1. What started the Gold Rush of 1848?

Gold found at Sutters Mill California

  1. What were the people called who went west for gold?

49ers

  1. Define and identify the important parts of the Compromise of 1850

California admitted as a free state

Western territories were free

Utah and New Mexico would use popular sovereignty to decide if they were going to be free or slave

Fugitive Slave Law: required northerners return slaves to the South

Slavery outlawed in the District of Columbia

  1. What purchase gave the U.S. present day boundaries?

Gadsden Purchase

  1. Define neoclassical architecture

Architectural style produced by the neo-classical movement that began in the 18th century

White House

  1. Who wrote a book that praised America’s political system and called the United States a land of opportunity where, “most of the rich men were formerly poor.”

Alex D. Tocqueville

  1. Who wrote the first dictionary?

Noah Webster

  1. Define Hudson riverSchool of Art

19th century artists who focused on painting American landscapes

  1. What did they paint?

American landscapes