Blood Cells Flashcards

  1. What test measures the percentage of blood volume that consists of erythrocytes by measuring the ratio of packed red blood cells to total blood volume?
/ Hematocrit
  1. What is the normal percentage of erythrocytes in blood?
/ 45%
  1. Hematocrit measures the percentage of blood volume that consists of what cells?
/ erythrocytes
  1. What is the most abundant type of WBC?
/ NEUTROPHILS
  1. What WBC is the first to respond to infection?
  2. How do they destroy bacteria?
/ NEUTROPHILS
Phagocytize bacteria
  1. Which WBCs are the ones that primarily destroy the dissolved toxins that bacteria secrete into body fluids?
/ Neutrophils
  1. What WBC secretes histamines?
  2. What is it called when it leaves the circulation to enter the tissues?
/ BASOPHILS
MAST CELL
  1. Which WBC fights allergies and parasitic infections, and during these conditions, their numbers increase.
/ EOSINOPHILS
  1. What are MONOCYTES called when they leave the circulation and enter the tissues?
/ MACROPHAGES
  1. Which WBCs phagocytize bacteria?
/ Monocytes (macrophages) and neutrophils.
  1. Do monocytes and neutrophils kill viruses?
/ No
  1. What WBC kills viruses?
  2. What WBC acts against a specific foreign molecule
/
  1. Lymphocytes (specifically, the T-lymphocytes, also called T-cells)
  2. All lymphocytes (B-cells and T-cells) act against a specific foreign molecule.

  1. What are the two main classes of lymphocytes?
/ T cells (T-lymphocytes) and B cells (B lymphocytes)
  1. Which WBC attacks organs after an organ transplant?
/
  • T cells

  1. How do B cells fight infection?
/
  • by becoming cells that produce antibodies

  1. What are the actual cells that produce the antibodies?
/ Plasma cells
  1. What are the two main features of mononucleosis?
/ Inflammation of lymph vessels (lymphangitis)
Infection of B lymphocytes with the Epstein-Barr virus
  1. Which immune system cell type is preferentially destroyed by the AIDS virus?
/
  • T cells (T-lymphocytes).

  1. By secreting hormones, the thymus causes which cells to become active?
/
  • T cells (T-lymphocytes).

  1. Why are most people sick more often as children than as adults in their 20s through 30’s?
/ We build up many varieties of memory lymphocytes during childhood, providing immunity from more and more antigens during adulthood
  1. What is a plasma protein involved in blood clotting?
/ fibrin
  1. What are platelets responsible for?
/ Blood clotting
  1. List the blood cells in order of longevity (life span), from longest—lived to shortest—lived.
/ lymphocytes, erythrocytes, platelets, neutrophils
  1. What is a condition in which the blood’s capacity for carrying oxygen is diminished?
/ ANEMIA
  1. What blood disease is a form of anemia where the RBCs have abnormal hemoglobin that deforms the cells into strange shapes (target cells, spheres, but not sickled)
/ THALASSEMIA
  1. Which form of anemia is found especially in the African race; always characterized by sickle-shaped erythrocytes
/ SICKLE CELL DISEASE
  1. Which form of anemia is from a single amino acid mutation resulting in a valine amino acid substituted for glutamic acid?
/ SICKLE CELL DISEASE
  1. Which form of anemia is characterized by very large erythrocytes?
/ Megaloblastic anemia
  1. What type of anemia is from loss of intrinsic factor; a frequent result of gastric bypass surgery?
/ Megaloblastic anemia
  1. What type of anemia is from chronic blood loss?
/ Hemorrhagic anemia
  1. What disorder of blood is characterized by too few mature white blood cells?
/ LEUKEMIA
  1. What is a hereditary disease of males, where they are unable to clot properly because they are missing some clotting factors?
/ Hemophilia
  1. What blood type is the universal donor?
  2. What blood type is the universal acceptor?
/
  • Type O negative
  • Type AB positive

  1. What disorder happens to an RH positive baby of an Rh negative mother?
/ HDN (Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn)
  1. What is a hereditary problem where the body thinks its own tissues are foreign bodies, and it constantly tries to kill off its own tissues?
/ Autoimmune disease

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