Name ______
Biology Summer Assignment
Print, complete and bring this assignment with you on the first day of classes. Use the background information document to help you complete this assignment.
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false by writing the word “True” or the word “False” on the left line provided. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
____1.A substance made up of only one kind of atom is an element. ______
____2.Adhesion is the attraction between molecules of the same substance, for example the fact that a water molecule is attracted to other water molecules. ______
____3.A substance with equal numbers of ions and ions is a basic solution. ______
____4.A hydrogen bond is formed between a hydrogen atom and a negative atom, usually a nitrogen or oxygen. ______
____5.The basic unit of matter is the molecule. ______
____6.Buffers are weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sudden changes in pH. ______
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question by writing the capital letter on the left line provided.
____1.What type of electron is available to form bonds?
a. / ionic / c. / covalentb. / valence / d. / nucleus
____2.Which of the following statements about a compound is true?
a. / The physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually the same as those of the elements from which it is formed.b. / Only the chemical properties of a compound are usually the same as those of the elements from which it is formed.
c. / Only the physical properties of a compound are usually the same as those of the elements from which it is formed.
d. / The physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually very different from those of the elements from which it is formed.
____3.In a covalent bond, two atoms share electrons. This type of bonding _____
a. / allows atoms to always share electrons equally.b. / is easily broken.
c. / occurs only between different elements.
d. / helps to fill electron shells.
____4.In a water molecule, shared electrons spend more time around the oxygen atom than the hydrogen atoms. As a result, the oxygen atom is _____
a. / slightly negative. / c. / very negative.b. / very positive. / d. / slightly positive.
____5.If an atom or a molecule gains or loses an electron, it becomes a(n) _____
a. / molecule. / c. / ion.b. / isotope. / d. / different element.
____6.The three subatomic particles that make up atoms are _____
a. / positives, negatives, and neutrals. / c. / protons, neutrons, and electrons.b. / protons, neutrons, and isotopes. / d. / neutrons, isotopes, and electrons.
Figure 01.01
____7.If there were eight neutrons in the nucleus of the Figure 01.01 diagram, how would it be related to the original?
a. / Its charge would increase. / c. / It would be an isotope form.b. / It would be a molecule. / d. / Its charge would decrease.
____8.If one of the black dots in the Figure 01.01 diagram was lost during a reaction, the charge of the atom would _____
a. / be neutral. / c. / be negative.b. / be positive. / d. / remain the same.
____9.A map of eastern North America, showing the pH of rainfall in the various states, indicates that the pH of rain in New York State varies from 4.22 to 4.40. According to these figures, the most acidic rainfall in New York State has a pH of
a. / 4.30. / c. / 4.22.b. / 4.40. / d. / 4.35.
____10.Water molecules are polar, with the _____
a. / oxygen side being slightly positive and the hydrogen side being slightly negative.b. / oxygen and hydrogen sides being slightly positive.
c. / oxygen side being slightly negative and the hydrogen side being slightly positive.
d. / oxygen and hydrogen sides being slightly negative.
____11.A solution is a _____
a. / chemical reaction.b. / mixture in which the substances are evenly spread out.
c. / combination of isotopes.
d. / mixture in which undissolved substances do not settle out.
____12.When salt is dissolved in water, water is the _____
a. / reactant. / c. / solvent.b. / solute. / d. / solution.
____13.Solutions that have more OH– than H+ ions are _____
a. / enzymes. / c. / neutral.b. / bases. / d. / acids.
____14.Which of these foods had the greatest concentration of H+ ions?
a. / apple, pH 2.9 / c. / corn, pH 6.2b. / bread, pH 5.5 / d. / milk, pH 6.6
____15.A covalent bond is formed as the result of _____
a. / sharing protons. / c. / transferring protons.b. / sharing electrons. / d. / transferring electrons.
____16.An ionic bond is the result of _____
a. / transfering protons / c. / sharing electrons unevenlyb. / sharing electrons evenly / d. / transfering electrons
____17.If an atom contains 11 protons and 12 neutrons, its atomic number is _____
a. / 11. / c. / 23.b. / 1. / d. / 12.
____18.What type of ion forms when an atom gains electrons?
a. / negative / c. / radioactiveb. / positive / d. / neutral
____19.If an atom contains 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons, its mass number is _____
a. / 7. / c. / 4.b. / 10. / d. / 3.
____20.Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and a different number of _____
a. / electrons. / c. / protons.b. / ions. / d. / neutrons.
____21.Which of the following makes up a molecule of water?
a. / two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygenb. / one atom of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen
c. / one atom of hydrogen and two atoms of oxygen
d. / one atom of sodium and one atom of chlorine
____22.What are found in the space surrounding the nucleus of an atom?
a. / ions / c. / electronsb. / neutrons / d. / protons
____23.Nonpolar covalent bond is formed by the _____.
a. / transfer of electrons / c. / equal sharing of electronsb. / sharing of protons / d. / unequal sharing of electrons
____24.What type of ion forms when an atom gains electrons?
a. / negative / c. / possibly negative or positiveb. / positive / d. / neutral
____25.Which of the following terms describes a substance formed by the combination of two or more elements in definite proportions?
a. / enzyme / c. / isotopeb. / compound / d. / nucleus
____26.Isotopes are atoms of the same element with a different number of _____.
a. / electrons / c. / protonsb. / ions / d. / neutrons
Figure 2–1
____27.Which property of water causes the meniscus shown in Figure 2–1?
a. / pH / c. / cohesionb. / adhesion / d. / heat capacity
____28.A substance made up of only one kind of atom is a(n) _____.
a. / element / c. / moleculeb. / compound / d. / ion
____29._____ are found in the nucleus of an atom.
a. / Neutrons / c. / Protons and neutronsb. / Protons / d. / Protons and electrons
____30.A chemical bond formed by the transfer of electron is a(n) _____.
a. / covalent bond / c. / ionic bondb. / hydrogen bond / d. / van der Waals forces
____31.What type of ion forms when an atom loses electrons?
a. / neutral / c. / negativeb. / positive / d. / radioactive
____32.Solutions that contain concentrations of H+ ions lower than pure water _____.
a. / have pH values below 7 / c. / are basesb. / are acids / d. / are enzymes
____33.A description for the formula H2O is two _____
a. / molecules of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen.b. / molecules of oxygen and one molecule of hydrogen.
c. / atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen.
d. / atoms of oxygen and one atom of hydrogen.
____34.On the Periodic Table, what is the symbol for oxygen?
a. / O / c. / ob. / Ox / d. / On
____35.On the Periodic Table, P is the symbol for _____.
a. / phosphorus / c. / leadb. / potassium / d. / iron
Periodic Table Chart
Fill in the missing components of the table using the information provided.
1.
Element Name/ Symbol / Atomic Number / Mass Number / Number of Protons / Number of Neutron / Number of ElectronsBeryllium (Be) / 9 / 4
Aluminum (Al) / 13 / 27
Potassium (K) / 39 / 19
Calcium (Ca+2) / 20 / 20
Nitrogen (N-3) / 7 / 15
Bromine (Br-1) / 45 / 36
Magnesium (Mg-26) / 26 / 12
Chlorine (Cl-37) / 20 / 17
Short Answer
Write the answers to the following questions in the space provided. Make sure handwriting is legible!
1.List the 3 subatomic particles of an atom, include the charge of each particle and where each particle is located within the atom.
2.What is the main similarity and the main difference between a polar covalent bond and a nonpolar covalent bond?
Science Skills
Use the figure below to answer the following questions. Write the answer on the line provided.
pH Values of Some Common SubstancesSubstance / pH
Hydrochloric acid / 1.0
Sulfuric acid / 1.2
Tomatoes / 4.2
Rainwater / 6.2
Pure water / 7.0
Sea water / 8.5
Ammonium chloride / 11.1
Sodium hydroxide / 13.0
Figure 2–5
1.Apply Concepts What is the strongest acid listed in Figure 2–5? ______
2.Apply Concepts What is the pH of the weakest acid listed in Figure 2–5? ______
3.Apply Concepts What is the pH of the strongest base listed in Figure 2–5? ______
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