Name:______Per:______Date:______Score:______
Biology Spring Final Review Guide
1)DNA Structure:What is a nucleotide? Draw a basic structure and label it’s three parts (phosphate, nitrogen base, sugar)
2)Base Pairing:Nucleotides always have a partner they match up with. Match the nucleotides in DNA and RNA.
DNA: A RNA: A
T U
G G
C C
3)DNA vs. RNA: Fill the following table out:
Nucleotides It Contains / Sugar Group it Contains / Number of StrandsDeoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Ribonucleic Acid
(RNA)
4)Genetic Terms:What is the difference between DNA, genes, and chromosomes? (Draw a picture in each box to accompany your description of each)
5)Central Dogma:What is the story of the Central Dogma? Use the following words to fill in the blanks:
Locations: cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosome
Key Players: DNA, mRNA, tRNA, protein, amino acid/s
Processes:transcription, translation
The story of the Central Dogma begins with the ______which is found in the ______.
(Key Player 1) (Location 1)
The ______gets copied into ______in a process known as ______.
(Key Player 1) (Key Player 2) (Process 1)
Then, the ______leaves the ______and goes to the ______where it finds a ______.
(Key Player 2) (Location 1) (Location 2) (Location 3)
In the ______, the message on the ______is read by the ______one codon at a time. Every
(Location 3) (Key Player 2) (Key Player 3)
three nucleotides on the ______is called a codon, and each codon represents an ______.
(Key Player 2) (Key Player 4)
As the ______reads the ______it brings the designated ______; this process is known as
(Key Player 3) (Key Player 2) (Key Player 4)
______. The ______link together to make a chain also known as a ______.
(Process 2) (Key Player 4) (Key Player 5)
The story of the Central Dogma in biology therefore explains how the instructions on the ______are
(Key Player 1)
used to make______, which is what most of our body is made of!
(Key Player 5)
6)Punnet Squares:Perform a cross between a heterozygous pea plant and a short pea plant. Tall is dominant. Use letters T and t as the alleles. Provide the probability of homozygous dominant, heter0zygous, and homozygous recessive offspring.
7)Transcription & Translation:Follow the directions below to fill out the table.
STEP 1: Transcribe the DNA sequences into mRNA codons. The first one has been done for you.
STEP 2: Translate the codons into amino acids. Use the codon chart on pg. 303 of your textbook.
DNA / T-A-C / T-T-T / G-A-C / A-G-A / C-A-T / T-A-G / C-C-C / A-C-TmRNA / A-U-G
Amino Acid / Methionine (Met)
8) Genetic Engineering:What is genetic engineering? Give an example of what it is used for.
9) Levels of Organization of Life:Organize the following words from simplest to most complex. Give an example of each.
Tissue Community Atom Organ Cell Population
Biosphere Organ system Organelle Ecosystem Molecule Organism
Simplest ------> a. ______Example:______
b. ______Example:______
c. ______Example:______
d. ______Example:______
e. ______Example:______
f. ______Example:______
g. ______Example:______
h. ______Example:______
i. ______Example:______
j. ______Example:______
k. ______Example:______
Most Complex------> l. ______Example:______
10) Label the parts of the plant cell and give a brief description of the following key organelles it contains:
Cell wall:
Vacuole:
Chloroplast:
11) Label the parts of the animal cell and give a brief description of the following key organelles it contains:
Plasma membrane:
Nucleus:
Mitochondria:
13) Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes vs. Viruses: Fill out the table.
(Draw a Picture Below the Word) / Key Features / How do they reproduce? / ExamplesVirus
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
14) Body Systems: Fill out the following table to review the 11 body systems
Body System / Key Organs / Function1. Nervous
2. Skeletal
3.Muscular
4.Integumentary
5.Cardiovascular
6. Respiratory
7.Digestive
8.Excretory
9.Endocrine
10. Reproductive
11.Lymphatic & Immune
15) Homeostasis: Define and give an example.
Homeostasis is______
Example:
16) Homeostasis is maintained through feedback loops. Fill out the table about the two kinds of feedback.
Negative Feedback Loop / Positive Feedback LoopExplain
Examples