Biology Reading Notes Outlinename:______

Biology Reading Notes OutlineName:______

Chapter 10: Cell Growth and DivisionPeriod: ______Date: ______

Read Chapter 10. As you do so, take notes on the following topics on a separate piece of notebook paper. You will have to study these for tests, so do not just “answer” the topic questions below- write out the info in an outline format that contains the detail needed to understand what the topic is and what it means. Leave space between each topic so you can add to the notes during in-class lectures.

Ch. 10.1- Cell Growth, Division, and Reproduction

1. What are the two main reasons that cells divide?

2. Explain what “information overload” means to cells and why it limits cell size.

3. Explain how the exchange of materials in cells creates the need for cells to divide.

4. Explain the relationship between surface area and volume.

a. How is this ratio important to cell size?

b. What is the equation for surface area? For volume?

5. What is cell division?

6. Describe specific characteristics of both types of cell division/reproduction:. Asexual and Sexual

7. Explain advantages and disadvantages of asexual and sexual reproduction.

Ch. 10.2- The Process of Cell Division

1. What are chromosomes?

a. Describe prokaryotic chromosomes.

b. Describe eukaryotic chromosomes.

1. How many chromosomes do humans cells have?

2. What is chromatin?

2. Why are chromosomes so important to cell division?

3. What are the four phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

a. List and describe the three stages of interphase.

b. What phase follows interphase?

4. What are the two main stages that involve cell division?

5. Briefly describe what is happening in each stage of Mitosis.

6. Briefly describe what is happening in Cytokinesis.

a. Discuss the differences in cytokinesis between animal cells and plant cells

Ch. 10.3- Regulating the Cell Cycle

1. What are cyclins and how is the cell cycle regulated?

a. Describe internal and external regulators.

2. What is apoptosis and how is it important in growth/development of plants/animals?

3. What is cancer and what happens with regulatory signals as they pertain to cancer cells?

4. What is a tumor?

a. Describe the difference between benign and malignant tumors.

Ch. 10.4- Cell Differentiation

1. What is differentiation and what does it mean for a developing organism?

2. What are stem cells?

3. Discuss the differences between embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells.

a. In what ways can each of these types of cells be used?

4. Differentiate between the following words: totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent

5. What are some potential benefits of using stem cells?

6. Why is the use of human embryonic stem cells controversial?