Biology Midterm Exam Review

  1. Which organisms are most closely related in the DNA fingerprints to the right?
  1. Which of the following species are most closely related?

Species 1: TACGGAAGC

Species 2:TCCGCCACG

Species 3:TGCGGAAGA

Species 4:TACCCACGA

  1. List in order the names of the phases of the cell cycle. Put a circle around the 4

that are considered to be a part of mitosis.

  1. What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis?
  1. What are the differences between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell? Label the cells in the diagram: prokaryote eukaryote.
  1. The solution in the diagram to the right contains 93% water and 7% sugar. The animal cell in the solution is 99% water and 1% sugar. How will osmosis affect the animal cell?
  1. The sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration of a normal human blood cell is 0.9%. The picture on the rightshows a normal red blood cell, while the picture to the right shows a red blood cell that has been placed in a salt solution. In order for the cell to burst, would the concentration of salt in the solution be higher or lower than the concentration of salt in the blood?
  1. Use the following forms of cellular transport to label the diagram to the right:

Diffusion,facilitated diffusion, active transport.

9. What would happen to a freshwater fish if you were to put it in a salt water tank?

What would happen to a salt water fish if you were to put it in a fresh water tank?

10. Why is a virus considered to be non-living?

Label the protein coat and the genetic material.

11. What does the cell theory state?

12. Identify what happens in each stage of the viral

cyclesin the picture to the right.

What is the difference between the

Lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle?

Of the 2 cycles above, the flu is an

example of ______.

13. What process is taking place in the diagram to the right?

Dehydration synthesis

Or

Hydrolysis

What is the difference between the

two?

14. Look at the equations to the right and answer the questions.

Label each equation as photosynthesis or respiration.

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

What are the reactants of respiration?

15. Using your knowledge of biomolecules and the chart below, label compounds A, B, C, and D. (Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids)

What are some other characteristics of compound each?

Biomolecule
Structure
Function

16. Label each of the 4 biomolecules. (Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids)

Which structure is used as the primary source of energy?

17. What type of molecule (monomer) makes up the long chains of DNA?

What are the 3 components of this molecule?

  1. Which type of RNA carries the coding information to the site of

protein synthesis? mRNA, rRNA, tRNA

  1. Enzymes help us with many bodily functions. The enzyme that helps us start the process of digestion when we eat is called amylase. How does amylase help in the process of digestion of food?
  1. In a DNA molecule, which component of the nucleotide specifically determines the characteristics of an organism?
  1. Complete the diagram below with the missing complimentary bases:

Where does the molecule separate before replication begins?

  1. Label the numbered items on the following drawing.

What is the name of the process that is happening in this drawing?

  1. What kind of mutation is pictured in the diagram?

Explain how this could cause the wrong enzymes(proteins) to be made.

Explain why chromosomal mutations would affect more than one enzyme.

  1. Certain genes can be turned on and off when they are needed. The leads to differentiation in cells. Explain why gene expression would need to be a regulated process.
  1. A DNA analysis was done on several suspects of a crime that was committed. The results are pictured below. Who did not commit the crime?
  1. Circle the correct word:

A (point/frameshift) mutation causes a change in a single base. A deletion or insertion causes a (point/frameshift) mutation.

  1. A black chicken and a white chicken produce grey baby chicks. What kind of genetic inheritance is this?
  1. What is this picture called and what does it tell you about the person?
  1. Circle the correct answer:

Mitosis produces (body cells/sex cells). Meiosis produces (body cells/sex cells).

  1. Look at the following diagram and describe what process is occurring. Explain what is happening to the chromosomes in the cells.
  1. Uncontrolled cell growth and development can lead to what disease?
  1. In aliens blue hair (B) is dominant over white hair (b). A homozygous recessive white haired alien is crossed with a heterozygous blue haired alien. Draw a Punnett Square to solve this problem and give the genotypic and phenotypic ratios produced by this cross.
  1. Describe how cell differentiation can explain this picture:
  1. Gene expression can be controlled by temperature. This results in animals with multiple colors of fur. Give an example of how this happens.
  1. Label and write a short description of what is happening in each of the following pictures.