BIOLOGY Ch 15-17 TEST STUDY GUIDE

9th Grader’s FALL Six Weeks Exam 2011

Charles Darwin and the Theory of Evolution

Pg. 370-371

After observing many species and their geographical location what concept did Darwin formulate?Pg 369
What does the survival of the fittest mean?Pg. 380
What does fitness mean?Pg. 380
What is a gene pool?Pg. 1094
What are the three types of isolation? Describe each of them.Pg 404-405
Name an example animal that might be affected by a geographic barrier such as a lake or river and another example animal that would not be affected by it.Pg 404-405
Define speciation.Pg. 404 Did Darwin’s Finches display speciation? pg 408
Define genetic equilibrium.Pg. 401
Genetic drift greatly affects populations of what size? Pg. 400
Gene shuffling includes independent movement of chromosomes. However, what happens in crossing over?Pg 395
Which selection takes place when individuals at one end of the curve have highest fitness? pg. 398-399
Which selection takes place when individuals with the average trait or in the middle have higher fitness? Pg. 399
A genetic variation needs to be __(heritable or non heritable)______in order for it to contribute to the overall chance of survival.Pg. 379
Does natural selection act on individuals or on populations? Explainpg. 394
What is recombination? How does it contribute to diversity? Pg. 395
What is relative frequency and how do you calculate it? Pg. 394

Chapter 18 Classification

What is binomial nomenclature? Pg. 448
If I had an organism that has a scientific name of Ailuropoda melanoleuca, where did the first part and second part of the name come from? Pg. 448
What is the hierarchy of classification in order from smallest to largest? Pg. 450
What are the three domains? Which kingdom(s) fall under each of the 3 domains?Pg. 459
What two kingdoms used to be in one kingdom called Monera? Pg. 458
What kingdoms include eukaryotic organisms? What domain are they all found in? Pg. 459
What kingdom has cell walls made of chitin? Pg. 459
Ursus arctos and Ursus maritimus share the same genus or species? Explain. Pg. 448, 450

Evidence for Evolution

Whales contain small, non functional remnants of a pelvic bone. This is an example what? Pg. 385
What is convergent evolution? Pg. 436
In what type of rock do you typically find fossils? Pg. 418
What are index fossils and what are they used for?Pg. 419
What is a homologous structure and give an example. Pg. 384
What does evolution mean? glossary
What is an example of an analogous structure?glossary
Which would be the best way to determine if two species are closely related? A)looking at the number of genes two species have or B)looking at their sequence of amino acids of their genes
What is extinction?Pg. 417
All living organisms have DNA. Does this support common ancestry? Why or why not?
If I was investigating a murder, and I found DNA that had very similar amino acid sequences with that of suspect A. Is that enough evidence to warrant an arrest? Explain.

Using the Cladogram above please answer the following questions

Which organism is the oldest common ancestor?
Which organism would be expected to have the most amino acid differences with the leopard?
The tuna is most closely related to which of the following?
Leopardc. lancelet
Salamanderd. turtle

The embryos of several types of animals look very similar and develop in almost the same manner, especially in the early stages. What do these physical similarities indicate?

Use the cladogram above to answer questions 17-