L.O. D-0 Introduction to DNA

___ 1. What is the long string of DNA called which is found in the nucleus?

___ 2. What happens to the string of DNA during cell division?

___ 3. A segment of DNA which codes for a protein is called a ______.

L.O D-1 Structure of DNA

___ 1. What is the basic molecule of DNA?

___ 2. What are the three types of unit molecules that make up a nucleotide?

___ 3. What type of sugar is found in DNA?

___ 4. Name two types of nitrogenous base that make of DNA.

___ 5. What is different about the types of nitrogenous base.

___ 6. What makes up the backbone of DNA?

___ 7. If DNA can be thought of as a ladder, what makes up the main rails?

___ 8. What makes up the rungs of the DNA ladder?

___ 9. As DNA grows longer, it twist into what shape?

___ 10. What holds the two strands of DNA together?

___ 11. Purines always bond with what?

___ 12. What does thymine join with?

___ 13. What does cytosine join with?

___ 14. Such specific bonding has a special name. What is the name?

___ 15. DNA must be able to make copies of itself. It is said to do what?

___ 16. Mistakes can happen in DNA replication which allows ______to take place,

creating ______of living things.

___ 17. DNA controls activities of the cell by producing mRNA, which is translated into what?

18. Draw/Illustrate a diagram of DNA

L.O. D-2 DNA Replication

___ 1. What is meant by semiconservative replication?

___ 2. Initially, DNA becomes unzipped by what?

___ 3. When DNA becomes unzipped, what does this mean?

___ 4. As the strands become unzipped, what joins to the open ends of the strands?

___ 5. A backbone then forms between what parts of the newly growing chain?

___ 6. what is the result of DNA replication?

___ 7. Why must DNA replication occur in living things?

___ 8. If an error occurs during replication, what is said to have happened?

9. Draw/illustrate the process in a 3 step diagram.

L.O. D-3 Recombinant DNA

___ 1. Give a definition of Recombinant DNA.

___ 2. What is used to introduce the recombinant DNA into cells?

L.O. D-4 Uses for Recombinant DNA

___ 1. A common product needed by diabetics to control sugar levels in the blood can

be made by recombinant DNA technology. What is this product?

___ 3. It is hoped that Recombinant DNA research will help in what four areas?

L.O. D-5 Compare and Contrast DNA and RNA

___ 1. What sugar is found in RNA?

___ 2. What is different about the bases of DNA as opposed to RNA?

___ 3. How many strands does RNA have?

___ 4. Contrast the shape of DNA vs RNA

___ 5. Name the three types of RNA.

___ 6. Contrast the location of DNA and RNA

___ 7. What does RNA mean?

L.O. E – 3 Environmental Mutagens

___ 1. Some mutations can occur spontaneously. What does this mean?

___ 2. What is a mutagen?

___ 3. A specific mutagen that causes cancer is known as a ______.

___ 4. What are the two main categories of environmental mutagens?

___ 5. Give an example of two chemical mutagens.

___ 6. How are suspected mutagens tested?

___ 7. Why is radiation such a difficult mutagen to avoid?

___ 8. Give several examples of radioactive mutagens.

L.O. E – 4 Mutations

___ 2. One chromosomes are many genes. Define gene.

___ 3. How do gene mutations differ from chromosomal mutations?

___ 4. If a single base is lost during DNA replication what is the name of this mutation?

___ 5. If a single base is accidentally duplicated, what is the name of the mutation?

___ 6. Sometimes one base is able to replace another. What type of mutation is this?

___ 7. Give an example of a base substitution mutation.

___ 8. Why is a chromosomal mutation more serious than a gene mutation?

___ 9. What type of chromosomal mutation occurs when part of one chromosome is

exchanged with part of another chromosome?

___ 10. If more than one copy of a gene (or several genes) is present, what type of mutation is it?

___ 11. If part of a chromosome breaks off and joins backwards, what type of mutation is it?

___ 12. If part of a chromosome breaks off and is lost, what type of mutation has occurred?

___ 13. What is a somatic mutation?

___ 14. What is a germinal mutation?

___ 15. What type of mutation is Down’s Syndrome?