Bio 238 Exam #1 Review Guide.
100 multiple choice questions.
Make sure you have read Chapters 19, 20 in the Tortora
Ch 19
Know the formed elements of blood and which stem line they are derived from:
Myeloid: RBCs , megakaryocytes, platelets, granular leukocytes (basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils)
Monocytes.
Lymphoid: lymphocytes (B-cells and T cells)
Know some of the major proteins in blood plasma: HSA , globulins, fibrinogen in terms of role and relative abundance
Know how blood-typing works. A B O AB and Rh +/- blood types
Why is it important for the OB-gyn to know the blood type of the father?
Know what leads to formation of a clot - extrinsic damage and/or intrinsic damage.
Where do these clotting cascades meet the common clotting pathway? (Factor X protease activation)
Be able to draw the cascade of the common pathway
(thromboplastin)
Prothrominase ----- factor X protease -- thrombinase
Prothrombin ------thrombinase(protease) - thrombin
Fibrinogen ------thrombin(protease) - fibrin
How are clots removed?
How can clotting be prevented?
What are the events that occur when a blood vessel is damaged to maintain hemostasis?
Ch 20
Know the route of blood through the heart: SVC – RA –TV-RV-PA-PV-LA-BV-LV-Aorta
Function of the intercalated discs,
Role of Foramen ovale and when it becomes fossa ovale
Where are the semilunar valves found and what do they do?
What is the role of the Auricles? (no, not the ones from Harry Potter!)
Where do action potentials to the heart originate?
How is atrial contraction separated from ventricular contraction?
How long does the cardiac cycle take at normal rhythm? 0.8 sec
Be able to label the events in figure 20.17 (p 705)
What are the 2 ways to increase cardiac output?
What kind of factors increase heart rate?
What is “Starling’s law?”
What factors increase contractility of heart muscle?
What is the effect of B-blockers on contraction?
Name a few common B-blockers
Why does tachycardia not always have an effect on cardiac output?
How is fetal bloodflow different from adult bloodflow through the heart?
Example test questions:
1)
Megan has an infected puncture wound to her foot. Which type of white blood cell would you expect to be elevated in a differential white cell count?
1)
______
A)
neutrophils
B)
monocytes
C)
lymphocytes
D)
eosinophils
E)
basophils
2)
All the circulating red blood cells originate in the
2)
______
A)
thymus.
B)
red bone marrow.
C)
heart.
D)
lymph tissue.
E)
spleen.
3)
Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone
3)
______
A)
thymosin.
B)
renin.
C)
erythropoietin.
D)
M-CSF.
E)
angiotensin.
4)
Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a
4)
______
A)
deep red color from hemoglobin.
B)
pH of 7.4.
C)
viscosity about the same as water.
D)
built-in system for clotting.
E)
temperature of approximately 38 degrees Celsius.
5)
The process of lymphopoiesis goes on in all of the following organs, except
5)
______
A)
the kidney.
B)
the spleen.
C)
the lymph nodes.
D)
the thymus.
E)
the red bone marrow.
6)
A person with Type A blood has
6)
______
A)
antigen A on the RBCs.
B)
anti-B agglutinins in the plasma.
C)
anti-A agglutinins on the red blood cells.
D)
A and B only
E)
B and C only
7
The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by the enzyme
7)
______
A)
plasmin.
B)
prothrombinase.
C)
fibrinogen-converting enzyme.
D)
thrombin.
E)
factor VIII.
8)
A typical adult hematocrit is
8)
______
A)
75.
B)
65.
C)
85.
D)
25.
E)
45.
9)
The first heart sound is heard when the
9)
______
A)
AV valves open.
B)
AV valves close.
C)
atria contract.
D)
blood enters the aorta.
E)
semilunar valves close.
10)
Drugs that block the beta-one adrenergic receptors will
10)
______
A)
increase contractility.
B)
decrease the end-systolic volume.
C)
increase heart rate.
D)
decrease heart rate.
E)
increase cardiac output.
11)
During the cardiac cycle, the
11)
______
A)
second heart sound occurs during atrial systole.
B)
QRS complex of the ECG precedes the increase in ventricular pressure.
C)
P wave of the ECG occurs between the first and second heart sounds.
D)
first heart sound coincides with the QRS complex of the ECG.
E)
both B and D
12)
Analysis of the electrocardiogram can reveal all of the following, except the
12)
______
A)
condition of the conducting system.
B)
stroke volume.
C)
duration of the ventricular action potential.
D)
heart rate.
E)
effects of drugs and poisons.
Answers: A B C C A D D E B D E B