Bio 212 SI - Exam 3 Review - Laura

•Which of the following is false about plasmids:

•They are circular

•They are made of RNA

•They are used to transfer genetics material

•They are only found in prokaryotes

•Restriction enzymes work by:

•Cutting random pieces of DNA

•Cutting specific sequences

•Ligating random pieces of DNA together

•Cutting and then ligating pieces of DNA together

•Restriction enzymes causes ______to form.

•The addition of random As at the end of the fragment

•The selected DNA fragment to be put into the genome

•A hairpin where polymerase binds

•None of these

•Why are sticky end important in cloning?

•They allow DNA fragments to compliment each other

•They allow a place for polymerase to bind

•They help tell scientist where the gene was put

•They allow for ligase to bind

•Put the following in the correct order for making human growth factor: 1) Selection 2) put the plasmid into bacteria 3) restriction enzyme cutting 4) ligase reaction

•1,2,3,4

•4,3,1,2

•4,3,2,1

•3,4,2,1

•Which of the following is a vector:

•E. Coli

•Modified genome

•Dolly the cloned sheep

•Plasmid

•If E. Coli was grown on X-Gal and B-galactosidase and ampicillin are our screening and selection markers, and a colony grew than was white, we would know that…

•The E. Coli did not take up the plasmid

•Took up the plasmid, but in the right place

•Took up the plasmid, but in the wrong place

•Lost part of the plasmid

•When transforming and you only want certain cells to express a trait, you would

•Only introduce it into those cells

•Only put the gene in some plasmids

•Put a promoter for that trait

•Genetics engineering is different from selective breeding because…

•Polymerase chain reaction does…

•Makes a plasmid

•Put a gene into a plasmid

•Takes a gene out of a whole genome

•Makes multiple copies of a gene

•During the annealing phase of PCR, which material/materials are used…

•Template

•Primers

•Polymerase

•dNTPS

•Butter

•Why do the fragments of DNA in PCR get shorter the first two cycles?

•What is special about the polymerase used for PCR?

•Draw the three steps of PCR.

•Gel electrophoresis does what?

•Sorts fragments by charge

•Sorts fragments by mass

•Sorts fragments by size

•Sorts fragments by genetic code

•Which cell receptor binds to the signal molecule and then uses ATP to phosphorylate another molecule, that then goes on to promote kinase.

•Enzyme-linked

•G-protein coupled

•Ligand-gated

•Which of the following statements is not true about G-proteins.

•The receptor is coupled to G-proteins

•A bound GDP changes to GTP

•Activate gamma G-protein binds to a activated adenylyl cyclase

•ATP is used to produce cAMP

•cAMP leads to all the following but…

•Activates protein kinase A

•Activates phosphorylase

•Muscles tense

•Glucose utilization

•Ligand-gated cell surface receptors work by:

•Allowing the signal molecule through

•Phosphorylating a signal molecule

•Decreases cellular permeability

•Opening an ion channel

•How do only some cells react to stimuli?

•Depends on their dna

•Depends on their location

•Depends on their cell receptor

•Depends on the power of the stimuli

•What is the final effect of cell signaling

•Change in transcription

•Change in translation

•Change in replication

•Change in gene expression

•If you put a plant in a room with red light coming only from one side, what will happen to the plant.

•The plant will bend away

•The plant will bend towards it

•The plant won’t do anything

•If you have a mutant PHOT1 plant that over expressed in a plant, but then cut an inch off of the top of the plant, what will happen?

•The plant will bend more

•It will bend the same amount

•The plant will bend the wrong way

•The plant won’t do anything

•Which of the following in false:

•PHOT1 causes those light receptor cells to release auxin

•Expansins unzip hydrogen bonds in cellulose microfibrils

•Proton pumps are activated and lowering the ph

•Water flows in to increase volume, causing the cell to elongate

•Put in order of can form the most kinds of cell to the least:

Multipotent, Unipotent, pluripotent, totipotent

•What are the five basic cell processes?

•.

•Which of the following is not used to determine specialization?

•Morphogen gradients

•Cell signaling

•Transcriptional hierarchies

•Differential gene expression

•What would happen if bicoid was not produced at all?

•Two heads

•1 head, 1 tail

•Two tails

•If a embryo is missing a segment, there was a problem in which of the following?

•Morphogen gradient

•Gap genes

•Segment identity

•Pair rule genes

•What would happen if R8 is sev +, boss+ and preR7 is sev-, boss+.

•R7 would form

•R7 wouldn’t form

•During what phase does the plant go from diploid to haploid.

•Fertilization

•Pollen creation

• Zygote

•When it starts to grow

•How do human stem cells vary from plant stem cells?

• What would happen if there was no A and it was replaced with C.