Name:______Period:______Date:______

STUDENT Notes:

Barron’s The Easy Way to ASL information questions & notes:

NMS:

What is NMS? ______, ______, and ______. They all mean the same but you will see all three used in ASL in high schools, college & in the real world. It is necessary to use your face to ______of your ______or to show ______. Signs without NMS is not ASL. Each sign has the 5 ______. They are:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Without NMS you cannot understand their full intent of their vocabulary usage or what they truly mean. When you listen to someone speak, you listen not only to the words ______. The ______, the rise and fall of the pitch, the length of the pause and the steadiness of voice are all features that you latch on to with little effort in your spoken communication.

With ASL you have: ______, ______, the open mouth, and a ______than others….all of which shape the ______of signs that are made by the hands. Facial grammar is required in ASL Without it you Cannot master ASL or truly communicate. There will be many ______if you do not use NMS.

NMS in ASL enrich and clarify the meaning of manual signs. ______, the man who discovered ASL is a true foreign language in the 1970s, realized that NMS are an integral part of the formation of a sign. NMS helps show the ______& ______of a sentence. What are adverbs? Well, they area word or group of words that modify a verb. Adjectives describe a noun.

A GREAT ACTIVITY TO HELP YOU REMEMBER THE DIFFERENCE OF ADJ AND ADVERBS AND HOW NECESSARY NMS IS WITH THEM: Choose one verb from the list on the left, and one adverb from the list on the right. Then choose one student in your class (or your teacher!), and they have to act out the words that you say.

Verbs Adverbs

walk quickly

run slowly

eat loudly

speak quietly

dance carefully

sing recklessly

write beautifully

sleep sadly

sit happily

stand angrily

There are many roles that NMS have. There are:

1. Non-manual adverbs, adjectives and others

2. lexical(fingerspelled) non-manual behaviors

3. non-manual grammatical markers

4. emotional states/evaluative judgements

5. prosodic structure

6. discourse structure

7. turn taking

8. backchannel feedback

9. grammatical sound markers

10. mouth movements/morphemes

11. silent ASL

(you don’t have to know/memorize all of these, but I just want you to be aware of them)

*If you look at someones’ face ______show ______.

*The ______and ______show facial expressions.

*The ______and ______show ‘speed.’-meaning the activity you are signing about not how quickly someone can sign something.

Eyes

1. Do you maintain eye contact when signing with someone 100% of the time? ______

Why/why not.

-because sometimes depending on a sign and/or distance you have to look off to show where Something/Someone is.

2. If you are asking a specific question then your eyebrows and head do what?

Eyebrows will be ______& the head ______

3. Reference places….Reference places or referents are VERY important in ASL. This is when you look at a specific area around your body and set up that area as a noun. When you need to draw attention to a

particular place in the signing space you set it up by pointing to it or looking in the area to draw attention to that area. In this, the eyes can incorporate referents, that are the signing space, into a sentence.

An example of this is when you use ______for ______of people _____ present. Also it can be used when ______. Setting up a house on a corner and then explaining how to go from there to the grocery store. Referring back to the referent helps make sure someone has ______.

4. Sometimes your eyes can ______in a sentences. When eye contact is accompanied by a ______, the head ______and a sign held slightly longer than other signs can indicate ______.

5. When a signers eyes are moving and losing eye contact with you it could also mean the signer is trying to ______in which certain signs might be moving. Meaning a signer can make the sentence “I watched him walk past me” by simply gazing from the right to the left side of the signing space.

6. Last the eye can lose contact with you because the signer is trying to ______. Adjectives sometimes require you to open ______or make them look ______to show your true feelings….suprised or suspicious.

Common types of NMS:

(we will learn the types of grammatical sentence structure seen below later. First lets explain NMS. Later you will apply the new NMS learned here to expressive assignments). J

1. Questions:

a. yes/no questions

b. longer yes/no questions

c. questions seeking information

2. Rhetorical Questions

3. Topicalization: topic/comment sentences

4. Conditional sentences

What type of eye contact and NMS do you need with each type?

1. maintain eye contact with the person to whom he/she is signing.

1a. you must have a ______and tilt your head forward.

1b. if the sentence is longer, then you need to add the NMS at the ____ of the sentences)

1c. ______the ______and tilt the head forward.

2. maintain eye contact, ______the ______, tilt the ______, ______the last sign of the rhetorical question slightly ______than the other signs

3. maintain eye contact with the person being addressed, raise the

eyebrows and tilt the head slightly forward when signing the topic, hold the last sign of the topic a little longer than the other signs and

pause slightly between signing the topic & comment.

4. NMS is ______to alert the addressee to the stated condition. You must have the eyebrows raised, the head tilted slightly ______, the last sign of the conditional clause held slightly longer than the other signs & in some cases the body ______.

______utterances. Ex. Really, I don’t know what you are talking about. Did she say that?

Eye gaze marks pronouns, utterance boundaries and prominence. Ex. The girl sat next to the boy. She batted her lashes at him and decided to pass him a small note under the desk. He was stunned and wrote one for her.

Eye blink/eye open: utterance boundaries

Height: spatial pattern/prosody. Marks beginning and ending of

Utterances

Shoulders up/down: creates visual pattern and rhythm

Examples of each sentence structure:

1. Did you see the game last night?

LAST NIGHT, GAME SEE FINISH YOU?

What time did you arrive home yesterday?

YESTERDAY, YOU HOME ARRIVE, TIME?

1a. Are you finished?

FINISH YOU?

Have you seen it?

SEE FINISH YOU?

1b. Did you see the movie last week?

LAST WEEK, MOVIE SEE FINISH YOU?

Do you want to go to school tomorrow?

TOMORROW SCHOOL GO WANT YOU?

Do you mind if I leave?

ME LEAVE NOW, DON’T-MIND YOU?

1c. Where do you live?

YOU LIVE WHERE?

What did you eat?

WHAT YOU EAT?

Where did you swim last Monday?

LAST MONDAY, YOU SWIM WHERE?

How did you fix the engine before?

BEFORE, YOU ENGLINE FIX HOW?

2. I will meet you next week on Thursday.

ME-MEET-YOU WHEN? NEXT-WEEK THURSDAY

I arrived late because I had a flat tire.

ME ARRIVE LATE WHY? MY CAR FLAT-TIRE

3. That boy with the brown hair is my son.

BOY THERE, BROWN HAIR, MY SON

I am shocked that you are taking math.

YOU TAKE-UP MATH, ME SHOCKED

4. Please help me if I forget a sign.

SUPPOSE ME SIGN FORGET, YOU-HELP-ME PLEASE

If your car breaks down, you will be late.

YOUR CAR BREAK-DOWN, YOU LATE WILL YOU

If you lose, I will still be happy.

YOU LOSE, ME HAPPY STILL

If it rains tomorrow, the tournament will be cancelled.

TOMORROW RAIN, TOURNAMENT CANCEL