POL 200 Barrington Moore 24.9.98

Barrington Moores veier til modernisering

I.Moore’s Project

Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy:

Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World

Modernization

Distinctions between Democracies, Fascist Dictatorships,

and Communist states

Hidden Message: All Transformations have been Bloody

  1. What is Modernity? What is Modernization?
  1. Idea is western – both of the liberal and radical traditions

Modernization and progress are linear

  1. Development

1. Morgan:

Savagery  barbarism civilization

2. Marx & Engels:

primitive communalism  feudalism 

capitalism  socialism  communism

3. Apter

Proliferation and integration of functional roles in a community

Modernization:

  1. constant innovation
  2. differentiated, flexible social structures
  3. social framework supporting technological advancement

4. Moore

many paths to the Modern World

III.Moore: Fascism, Communism, (liberal) Democracy

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  1. Moore’s introduction

Overhead

  1. Three types of transformation plus non-transformation

1. Bourgeois Revolution

Capitalist production combined with parliamentary democratic regime type

2. Fascism

capitalist production combined with authoritarian regime type

3. Communism

command economy combined with authoritarian regime type

  1. Path contingency

Countries that first industrialized did so under democratic auspices

Later developers have decreasing probability of using the parliamentary model to propel industrialization

First countries to develop unique in having an agricultural revolution before an industrial revolution (100 years of enclosure movement in England before industrialization)

  1. Case Selection
  1. Two dimensions:
  1. Democratic – Authoritarian
  1. Capitalist – Non-capitalist

Overhead

  1. Case Assignment
  1. England, France, USA – Bourgeois Revolutions
  1. Japan, (Germany) – Fascist Revolution
  1. China, (Soviet Union) – Communist Revolution
  1. India – non-revolution
  1. Case Analysis
  1. England –
  1. elimination of the peasantry – enclosure
  1. landlords transformed into agro-businessmen (commercial agriculture)

(capital intensive agriculture)

  1. English Civil War – bourgeois war (not about religion)
  1. France
  1. Landlords eliminated by revolution
  1. Peasants not eliminated (anti-democratic constituency)
  1. Agrarian bureaucracy develops
  1. French revolution a bourgeois revolution
  1. USA
  1. southern states – landed aristocracy
  1. American Civil War – a bourgeois revolution (not about slavary)
  1. Bourgeois Revolutions and Modernization

Overhead chart 1

  1. Japan & Japan
  1. reactionary capitalism

Meiji takeover of Takagowa

Bismark German unification

  1. landlord – bourgeois coalition

Germany

Eisen und roggen (Iron & Rye) (jern & rug)

  1. independence of the state

agent for the upper coalition

suppression of lower classes (peasants & proletariat)

  1. capitalist revolution from above
  1. fear of invasion stimulates development and encourages centralization

--military power based on industrial power

  1. Russia (Soviet Union), China
  1. peasant revolutions not bourgeois
  1. no agricultural transformation
  1. pre-industrial revolutions
  1. Agrarian bureaucracies inhibit commercialization
  1. Urban classes too weak to serve as modernization force
  1. Large peasant population
  1. India
  1. no capitalist revolution from above or below
  1. no peasant revolution
  1. parliamentary regime that arose from colonialism not from struggle between bourgeois and aristocracy.
  1. Caste system and static tendencies
  1. Ghandi succeeded in linking the peasantry & bourgeois

kept the movement non-revolutionary

non-violent

  1. Overview

Overhead

  1. Method
  1. case selection
  1. only large countries chosen
  2. small sample
  1. comparative method
  1. generalizable theories

role of process

problem of interpretation