Automatic Room Light Controller with Bidirectional Visitor Counter

A PROJECT REPORT ON

AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER WITH VISITOR COUNTER

IN THE PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIRMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

In

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

By

AKSHAY (07020102003)

Under the guidance of

Ast. Prof. TARUN BHATT

AMRAPALI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES

SHIKSHA NAGAR LAMACHUR, HALDWANI (263139)

U.KTechnicalUniversity; Dehradun.

April, 2011

TABLE OF CONTENT

• Certificate 3
• Abstract 4
• Declaration 5
• Acknowledgement 6
• Objective 7
• Introduction 8
• Component used- Part A 10
• Component used-Part B 11
• 555 integrated circuit 12
• IC-555 Astable operation 15
• Schematic for constant HV power supply 16
• Condenser Microphone 19
• Capacitor 21
• Piezo buzzer 22
• Relay 23
• Telemetry circuit explanation 25
• Working of telephone cradle switch 26
• Dual tone multiple frequency encoder 30
• Working of system 32
• C program embedded code 37
• Applications 40
• Bibliography 41

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Project Report entitled “AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER WITH BIDIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER ” that is submitted by AKSHAY in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree B.Tech in Department of ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION of U.K technical University, is a record of the candidate own work carried out by him under my own supervision. The matter embodies in thesis is original and has not been submitted for the award of any other degree.

Date:Project Coordinator:

(prof. Y.K SAH)

Project guide:

(ast. Prof TARUN BHATT)

ABSTRACT

The fear of theft and burglary always annoys many people. When lock and keys become less safe, one can seek the help of electronic security systems.

Such a portable security system is described here.

This electronic setup auto activated whenever the intruder enters to the unauthorized no entry area. It auto activate the landline number and redial the last dialed number from the conventional telephone. All we need is to do minor changes to activate this telephone as it works as to become auto dialer circuit.

Thus whenever the intruder enters to the area, it activates the sensor circuit of either sound activation or infrared light beam obstruction circuit, the redial circuit become active and give a ring tone to the receiving end. It may be a mobile phone or any landline phone or even police control room.

4

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this submission is own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extend has been accepted for the award of the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of the higher leaning except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text.

Signature:

Name: AKSHAY

Roll No.: 07020102003

Date:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I am deeply indebted to my mentor Ast. Prof. SATYJEET DAS who inspiration has been unfailingly available to me at all stages of my training. This has fueled my enthusiasm even further and encouraged me to boldly step into what was a totally dark and unexplored expanse before me.

I would like to thank Prof. Y.K SAH for his efforts, who was always ready with a positive comment, whether it was an off-hand comment to encourage me or constructive piece of criticism.

In course of present work it has been my privilege to receive help and assistance of my friends. I take great pleasure in acknowledge my debt to them.

I wish to thank my parents for their undivided support and interest who inspired me and encouraged me to go my own way, without whom I would be unable to complete my project. At last but not the least I want to thank my friends who appreciated me for my work and motivated me and finally to God who made all the things possible.

Signature:

Name: AnubhaUpreti

Roll no. 07020102007

Date:

CHAPTER :- 1

Project Overview

1. Introduction Of Project

1.1Project Definition:

Project title is “AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER WITH BIDIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER “.

The objective of this project is to make a controller based model to count number of persons visiting particular room and accordingly light up the room. Here we can use sensor and can know present number of persons.

In today’s world, there is a continuous need for automatic appliances with the increase in standard of living, there is a sense of urgency for developing circuits that would ease the complexity of life.

Also if at all one wants to know the number of people present in room so as not to have congestion. This circuit proves to be helpful.

1.2Project Overview

This Project “Automatic Room Light Controller with Visitor Counter using Microcontroller is a reliable circuit that takes over the task of controlling the room lights as well us counting number of persons/ visitors in the room very accurately. When somebody enters into the room then the counter is incremented by one and the light in the room will be switched ON and when any one leaves the room then the counter is decremented by one. The light will be only switched OFF until all the persons in the room go out. The total number of persons inside the room is also displayed on the seven segment displays.

The microcontroller does the above job. It receives the signals from the sensors, and this signal is operated under the control of software which is stored in ROM. Microcontroller AT89S52 continuously monitor the Infrared Receivers, When any object pass through the IR Receiver's then the IR Rays falling on the receiver are obstructed , this obstruction is sensed by the Microcontroller

CHAPTER :- 2

BLOCK DIAGRAM AND ITS DESCRIPTION

2.1Basic Block Diagram

Enter Exit

LCD INTERFACING

Fig. 2.1 Basic Block Diagram

2.2Block Diagram Description

The basic block diagram of the bidirectional visitor counter with automatic light controller is shown in the above figure. Mainly this block diagram consist of the following essential blocks.

1. Power Supply
2. Entry and Exit sensor circuit
3. AT 89S52 micro-controller
4. Relay driver circuit

1. Power Supply:-

Here we used +12V and +5V dc power supply. The main function of this block is to provide the required amount of voltage to essential circuits. +12 voltage is given. +12V is given to relay driver. To get the +5V dc power supply we have used here IC 7805, which provides the +5V dc regulated power supply.

1. Enter and Exit Circuits:-

This is one of the main part of our project. The main intention of this block is to sense the person. For sensing the person and light we are using the light dependent register (LDR). By using this sensor and its related circuit diagram we can count the persons.

1. 89S52 Microcontroller:-

It is a low-power, high performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8KB of Flash Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the MCS-51TM instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic hip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful

Microcontroller, which provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution so many embedded control applications.

1. Relay Driver Circuit:-

This block has the potential to drive the various controlled devices. In this block mainly we are using the transistor and the relays. One relay driver circuit we are using to control the light. Output signal from AT89S52 is given to the base of the transistor, which we are further energizing the particular relay. Because of this appropriate device is selected and it do its allotted function.

CHAPTER :- 3

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

Transmission Circuit:-

Fig. 3.1 Transmitter circuit

Receiver Circuit:-

Fig. 3.2 Receiver circuit

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION:

There are two main parts of the circuits.

1. Transmission Circuits (Infrared LEDs)
2. Receiver Circuit (Sensors)

1. Transmission Circuit:

Fig. 3.3 Transmitter circuit

This circuit diagram shows how a 555 timer IC is configured to function as a basic monostablemultivibrator. A monostablemultivibrator is a timing circuit that changes state once triggered, but returns to its original state after a certain time delay. It got its name from the fact that only one of its output states is stable. It is also known as a 'one-shot'.

In this circuit, a negative pulse applied at pin 2 triggers an internal flip-flop that turns off pin 7's discharge transistor, allowing C1 to charge up through

R1. At the same time, the flip-flop brings the output (pin 3) level to 'high'. When capacitor C1 as charged up to about 2/3 Vcc, the flip-flop is triggered once again, this time making the pin 3 output 'low' and turning on pin 7's discharge transistor, which discharges C1 to ground. This circuit, in effect, produces a pulse at pin 3 whose width t is just the product of R1 and C1, i.e., t=R1C1.

IR Transmission circuit is used to generate the modulated 36 kHz IR signal. The IC555 in the transmitter side is to generate 36 kHz square wave. Adjust the preset in the transmitter to get a 38 kHz signal at the o/p. around 1.4K we get a 38 kHz signal. Then you point it over the sensor and its o/p will go low when it senses the IR signal of 38 kHz.

1. Receiver Circuit:

Fig. 3.4 Receiver circuit

The IR transmitter will emit modulated 38 kHz IR signal and at the receiver we use TSOP1738 (Infrared Sensor). The output goes high when the there is an interruption and it return back to low after the time period determined by the capacitor and resistor in the circuit. I.e. around 1 second. CL100 is to trigger the IC555 which is configured as monostablemultivibrator. Input is given to the Port 1 of the microcontroller. Port 0 is used for the 7-Segment display purpose. Port 2 is used for the Relay Turn On and Turn off Purpose.LTS 542 (Common Anode) is used for 7-Segment display. And that time Relay will get Voltage and triggered so light will get voltage and it will turn on. And when counter will be 00 that time Relay will be turned off. Reset button will reset the microcontroller.

CHAPTER :-4

HARDWARE DESIGN & DESCRIPTIONS

Hardware Design:-

Fig. 4.1 Snap of the entire circuit

4.1 Procedure Followed While Designing:

In the beginning I designed the circuit in DIPTRACE software. Dip trace is a circuit designing software. After completion of the designing circuit I prepared the layout.

Then I programmed the microcontroller using TOPVIEW SIMULATOR software using hex file.

Then soldering process was done. After completion of the soldering process I tested the circuit.

Still the desired output was not obtained and so troubleshooting was done. In the process of troubleshooting I found the circuit aptly soldered and connected and hence came to conclusion that there was error in programming section which was later rectified and the desired results were obtained.

4.2 List of Components:

Following is the list of components that are necessary to build the assembly of the Digital Speedometer Cum Odometer:

Microcontroller – AT89S52

IC – 7805

Sensor – TSOP 1738 (Infrared Sensor)

Transformer – 12-0-12, 500 mA

Preset – 4.7K

Disc capacitor – 104,33pF

Reset button switch

Rectifier diode – IN4148

Transistor – BC 547, CL 100

7-Segment Display

4.3 Description of Components

4.3.1 Microcontroller AT89S52:

The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the Industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory pro- grammar. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.

The AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the RAM con- tents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset.

FEATURES:-

8 KB Reprogrammable flash.

32 Programmable I/O lines.

16 bit Timer/Counter—3.

8 Interrupt sources.

Power range: 4V – 5.5V

Endurance : 1000 Writes / Erase cycles

Fully static operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz

Three level program memory lock

Power off flag

Full duplex UART serial channel

Low power idle and power down modes

Interrupt recovery from power down modes

256 KB internal RAM

Dual data pointer

4.3.2TSOP1738 (INFRARED SENSOR)

Fig. 4.2 Infrared Sensor

Description:

The TSOP17.. – Series are miniaturized receivers for infrared remote control systems. PIN diode and preamplifier are assembled on lead frame, the epoxy package is designed as IR filter. The demodulated output signal can directly be decoded by a microprocessor. TSOP17..is the standard IR remote control receiver series, supporting all major transmission codes.

Features:

• Photo detector and preamplifier in one package
• Internal filter for PCM frequency
• Improved shielding against electrical field disturbance
• TTL and CMOS compatibility
• Output active low
• Low power consumption
• High immunity against ambient light
• Continuous data transmission possible (up to 2400 bps)
• Suitable burst length .10 cycles/burst

Block Diagram:

Fig. 4.3 Block Diagram of TSOP 1738

Application Circuit:

Fig. 4.4 Application circuit

4.3.3 555 ( TIMER IC):

Fig. 4.5 Timer IC(555)

Description:

The LM555 is a highly stable device for generating accurate time delays or oscillation. Additional terminals are provided for triggering or resetting if desired. In the time delay mode of operation, the time is precisely controlled by one external resistor and capacitor. For astable operation as an oscillator, the free running frequency and duty cycle are accurately controlled with two external resistors and one capacitor. The circuit may be triggered and reset on falling waveforms, and the output circuit can source or sink up to 200mA or drive TTL circuits.

Features:

• Direct replacement for SE555/NE555
• Timing from microseconds through hours
• Operates in both astable and monostable modes
• Adjustable duty cycle
• Output can source or sink 200 mA
• Output and supply TTL compatible
• Temperature stability better than 0.005% per °C
• Normally on and normally off output
• Available in 8-pin MSOP package

Applications:

• Precision timing
• Pulse generation
• Sequential timing
• Time delay generation
• Pulse width modulation
• Pulse position modulation
• Linear ramp generator

4.3.4LTS 542 (7-Segment Display)

Description:

The LTS 542 is a 0.52 inch digit height single digit seven-segment display. This device utilizes Hi-eff. Red LED chips, which are made from GaAsP on GaP substrate, and has a red face and red segment.

Fig. 4.6 7 Segment

Features:

• Common Anode
• 0.52 Inch Digit Height
• Continuous Uniform Segments
• Low power Requirement
• Excellent Characters Appearance
• High Brightness & High Contrast
• Wide Viewing Angle

4.3.5LM7805 (Voltage Regulator)

Fig. 4.7 Voltage Regulator

Description:

The KA78XX/KA78XXA series of three-terminal positive regulator are available in the TO-220/D-PAK package and with several fixed output voltages, making them useful in a wide range of applications. Each type employs internal current limiting, thermal shut down and safe operating area protection, making it essentially indestructible. If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can deliver over 1A output current. Although designed primarily as fixed voltage regulators, these devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable voltages and currents.

Features:

• Output Current up to 1A
• Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V
• Thermal Overload Protection
• Short Circuit Protection
• Output Transistor Safe Operating Area Protection

4.3.6RELAY CIRCUIT:

Fig. 4.8 Relay

A single pole dabble throw (SPDT) relay is connected to port RB1 of the microcontroller through a driver transistor. The relay requires 12 volts at a current of around 100ma, which cannot provide by the microcontroller. So the driver transistor is added. The relay is used to operate the external solenoid forming part of a locking device or for operating any other electrical devices. Normally the relay remains off. As soon as pin of the microcontroller goes high, the relay operates. When the relay operates and releases. Diode D2 is the standard diode on a mechanical relay to prevent back EMF from damaging Q3 when the relay releases. LED L2 indicates relay on.

CHAPTER :- 5

SOFTWARE DESIGN

FLOW CHART:

Fig. 4.7 Flow Chart

If the sensor 1 is interrupted first then the microcontroller will look for the sensor 2. And if it is interrupted then the microcontroller will increment the count and switch on the relay, if it is first time interrupted.

If the sensor 2 is interrupted first then the microcontroller will look for the sensor 1. And if it is interrupted then the microcontroller will decrement the count.

When the last person leaves the room then counter goes to 0 and that time the relay will turn off. And light will be turn off.

Program

;------

;DATED:12/12/2010

;------

;------REGISRETS INFO------

;______

;R0=

;R1= USED

;R2=

;R3= USED

;R4= USED

;R5= USED

;R6= USED

;R7= USED

;------PIN-CONFIG.------

;______

;p0=lcd data

;p2.0lcd control

;p2.1lcd control

;p2.5lcd control

;p3.2 ISR

;p3.3 led

;p3.4 led

;p3.6 led

;p3.7 led

;OBJECTIVE: TO PREPARE A AUTO_CONTROLLED ROOM WITH VISITOR COUNTER______

;______

;

$mod51

org0h

ajmpmain

org003h

acallisr

reti

org0030h