Chicago Open 2012: The Reins of History Back in the Hands of Man
(Packet by Brendan Byrne, Dallas Simons, Sam Bailey, Dan Passner)
1. In one story, this deity tells Dexicreon to fill his ship with jars of water, which allows him to become rich. She was the mother of Lyrus, about whom we only know that he died childless. In an alternate story about her birth, a fish in the EuphratesRiver rolls an egg onto the bank which is sat on by doves and hatched into this goddess. This deity was the mother of a king of Sicily named Eryx whom Heracles defeated in a wrestling match. She saved the Argonaut Butes before he swam to the island of the Sirens.Alectryon was turned into a rooster because he fell asleep, and failed to keep lookout during one her affairs. This deity was a daughter of Dione and the mother of Harmonia. Her primary place of worship was the Cypriot city of Paphos, and after bragging of an affair with this goddess, Anchises was struck with a thunderbolt. FTP, name this wife of Hephaestus and mother of Aeneas, the Greek goddess of love.
ANSWER: Aphrodite [or Venus I suppose]
2. In one play by this author, the writer John Morley transforms from gay to straight in the second act. He also adapted S. Ansky's play The Dybbuk into a work about drunken lawyer Arthur Landau trying to complete a prayer quorum in Long Island. In addition to The Latent Homosexual and The Tenth Man, he adapted a William Huie novel into a screenplay about Lt. Charlie Madison, who tells the title character not to blame World War II "on our Coca-Cola bottles." He wrote about a professor studying schizophrenia in his only novel, the sci-fi book Altered States. One of this man's films sees Arthur Jensen, played by Ned Beatty, give a monologue about corporations to Howard Beale. He received his first Academy Award for writing the 1955 film Marty, but may be better known for writing the line "I'm as mad as hell and I'm not going to take it anymore!" FTP, name this Jewish playwright who wrote Network.
Answer: Sidney Aaron “Paddy” Chayefsky
3. Gus Liebenow wrote a book about the "quest for democracy" in this country, which was home to a coup that sawE.J. Roye dragged through the streets and killed. Cuthbert Christy was the head of a 1930 committee charged with releasing a report on conditions in this country, resulting in the downfall of Charles King's government. Perhaps its most controversial leader declared his "national unification policy" and announced an "open door policy," constructing the largest mercantile fleet in the world. It was ruled by the True Whig Party under that man William Tubman and his vice president William Tolbert, after which a coup led to the rise of a man who was executed by Prince Johnson live on television - that leader was Samuel Doe. Currently led by Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, FTP, name this country which underwent civil war under the rule of Charles Taylor, a West African republic that was never colonized.
ANSWER: Republic of Liberia
4. In February 2012, Paul Krugman and Gauti Eggertsson wrote an analysis of liquidity traps based on the work of Irving Fisher, Richard Koo and this economist. He described economic units in terms of income-debt relation as being hedge, speculative, or Ponzi, with equilibrium only occurring if hedge units dominate the market. He distinguished between the “debtor’s risk” of not realizing profit expectations and “creditor’s risk” of not having loans repaid in his works titled Can “It” Happen Again? and Stabilizing an Unstable Economy. Paul McCulley described this economist’s namesake “moment” as the instance when investors start selling goods to pay off loans, possibly leading to market collapse. FTP, name this Jewish post-Keynesian economist who formulated the financial instability hypothesis.
ANSWER: Hyman Minksy
5. This ideology of this author is examined along with Henry James and F. Scott Fitzgerald in Bryan Washington’s book Politics of Exile. James Campbell wrote a biography of this man entitled Talking at the Gates. This writer's death caused another author to write “His Voice Remembered; Life in His Language.” This man collaborated with photographer Richard Avedon on Nothing Personal, and wrote about Arthur Montana and his family in the novel Just Above My Head. This author of the essay collectionThe Price of the Ticket also wrote a work about Rufus Scott, who commits suicide jumping off theGeorgeWashingtonBridge.Another work has characters like Ida Jackson and Brother Washington, and centers on a Harlem church led by Margaret Alexander. In addition to that play The Amen Corner, he wrote about Jacques, David, Guillaume and some homosexuals in Paris. FTP, name this author ofAnother Country, Giovanni’s Room, and Go Tell It on the Mountain.
ANSWER: James Arthur Baldwin
6. One of these structures named for van Stockum has a density proportional to the exponential of R squared, and a similar model sees a preferred direction of rotation but not a preferred axis. For those examples, the stress energy tensor is equal to the density times the velocity squared, as it must for all of these that are described as dusts. Each of these structures satisfies a constraint in which the curvature is equal to eight pi times a certain density, and a common complaint is that some of these may allow closed timelike curves. The first of these was developed by Schwartzchild and describes spacetime outside of an event horizon. One of these named for Minkowski describes a flat spacetime. FTP, name these structures, which are solutions to a certain set of equations that serve as a basis for General Relativity.
ANSWER: Solutions to Einstein's Field Equations or Metrics in General Relativity [accept combinations of those answers, prompt on partial answers, prompt on "Lorentzian Manifolds", accept "dusts" before mentioned]
7. This artist painted a man in a teal robe standing on a boat and holding a fishnet in his version of The Calling of Peter and Andrew. One of his works gets its title from the three small monks praying at the feet of a black robed Mary; that work is titled Madonna of the Franciscans. Christ points his finger his finger at a winged Satan, who is rendered in all black, and stands on a rock that towers over two walled cities at the bottom in this artist’s Temptation on the Mount, located on the back of his best known altarpiece. This painter of the Stoclet MadonnadepictedSaint Ansanus and Saint Sabinus as two haloed saints in his best known work. He was the teacher of Simone Martini, and probably the Lorenzetti brothers as well. For a time, his canvas, the Rucellai Madonna,was incorrectly attributed to his predecessor Cimabue. FTP, name this artist best known for hisMaesta altarpiece in the Siena Cathedral.
ANSWER: Duccio di Buoninsegna
8. Just before the Fourth Crusade, a usurper named John Comnenus known by this epithet launched a coup against Alexios III in Constantinople. This epithet was shared by King Henry I of Cyprus, who ruled during the War of the Lombards with Frederick II starting in 1217 AD. A Portuguese king with this epithet held the throne during the Battle of Navas de Tolosa and was known as Afonso II. Another king with this epithet supported William Clito's bid to become Count of Flanders, but was defeated at Bremule. Another king with this epithet commissioned the writings of Notker the Stammerer. That first ruler with this nickname had his biography written by the Abbot Suger, while the second ruler was a brother of Carloman and Louis the Younger who very nearly reunited the empire of Charlemagne in 886 AD. FTP, name this epithet applied to Louis VI of France and the late Carolingian king Charles III.
ANSWER: The Fat [or Le Gros or El Gordo]
9. These compounds can be produced from propargyl diols by reacting with lithium aluminum hydride in the Whiting reaction. A chemical of this type can react in a three-three sigmatropic rearrangment that is especially favored if a hydroxyl group exists at the three or four position; that modification forms a ketone. A cyclic type of these chemicals is produced from a reaction requiring electrons solvated in liquid sodium and ammonia. In one reaction, these compounds must be able to assume the s-cis conformation - that reaction has a strong endo preference. One-three examples of these are called conjugated and allow long range pi delocalization. FTP, name these molecules which contain two sets of carbon-carbon double bonds.
ANSWER: Dienes [accept "conjugated diene" until "liquid sodium"]
10. An obituary written for this man under the pseudonym "Ludwig" quotes Nathaniel Willis and ends with the Macbeth reference that "after life's fitful fever he sleeps well" - that obituary was written by Rufus Griswold in the New YorkTribune. Some posthumously published poems of Elizabeth Bishop were released in 2006 in a collection titled for this man and the jukebox. A "psychoanalytic interpretation" of this man was written by Marie Bonaparte, with a foreword by Sigmund Freud. Henry James said an enthusiasm for this man was the mark “of a decidedly primitive stage of reflection” and criticized Baudelaire for translating him.Jules Verne wroteThe Sphinx of the Ice Fields as a sequel to one of this man's works,TheNarrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket. FTP, name this husband of Virginia Clemm who wrote "Sonnet to Science" and "The Tell-Tale Heart."
ANSWER: Edgar Allan Poe
11. This thinker wrote an essay about the TV broadcast “A Corridor for Free Speech” where hostile Bosnian citizens denounced condescending foreign aid, arguing that missionaries only help to preserve their sense of reality on the fragile notion “One must do something. One cannot remain idle.” This author of the essay “No Pity for Sarajevo” described 9/11 as the “absolute event” to transcend religious and national conflict between Islam and America. One of his best-known works cites the Borges story “On Exactitude in Science” about an empire that commissions a map so detailed that it covers the entire empire. He wrote a book that reversed Clausewitz’s famous formulation asserting that the title event was “the absence of politics by other means.” This author of The Spirit of Terrorism and The Mirror of Production also wrote a book about the rise of “hyper-reality” in a society composed of references with no referents. FTP, name this French philosopher who wrote Simulacra and Simulation and The Gulf War Did Not Take Place.
ANSWER: Jean Baudrillard
12. A man who failed to climb the tallest peak in this mountain range later wrote a “Dictionary of Geography," while its second tallest peak was first ascended in 1902 by the Bornmuller brothers from Germany. This range includesthe Ridge of the Seven Summits and the Pass of a Thousand Windings, and its northern slopes are infamous for being inhabited by Hyrcanian tigers. Also home to the pristine LakeOvan, its highest peakis in the Mazandaran province. That peak is MountDamavand, where the dragon Azhi Dahaka was supposedly bound in chains. This range lies north of the Zagros Mountains and stretches east into Turkmenistan. FTP, name this mountain range of northern Iran.
ANSWER: Elburz Mountains [or AlburzMountains or ElborzMountains. There are several names for this so accept any reasonable equivalents that include Elburz]
13. When these objects have low viscosity and have cooling advection currents, they are called “Polish doughnuts.” Balbus and Hawley studied their magnetorotational instability. The interior of these objects contain x-ray emissions from quasi-periodic oscillations. A explanation of the Newtonian physics in these objects was given by Shapiro and Teukolsky, and a Blandford-Znajek process can take place in the presence of one of these objects. A model to measure the viscosity in these objects was proposed by Shakura and Sunyaev, and it's possible for these objects to have luminosities over ten times the Eddington limit. A system with one of these objects gets rid of angular momentum and not mass by means of jets emitted perpendicular to these objects. FTP, identify this structures which form from the compression of material built up around a star.
ANSWER: accretion disks
14. A key figure in this event published a narrative of it in his book The Tyranny of Silence, which compares explanations for this incident with narratives regarding the fall of the Berlin Wall. This event reportedly caused the murder of Friar Andrea Santoro, and in its wake, Italian reforms minister Roberto Calderoli was asked to resign due to a statement he made about his wardrobe, which led to an attack on the Italian consulate in Libya. The impact of this event spread when a dossier was compiled for distribution which had an unrelated picture of a bearded French man wearing a snout. This event was sparked by Flemming Rose, who put out solicitations in response to the troubles of a children's book author, partly caused by current events like the assassination of filmmaker Theo Van Gogh. FTP, name this 2005 to 2006 controversy in which a newspaper editor called for people to illustrate a religious figure sacred to Islam.
Answer: Jyllands-Posten Mohammed cartoon controversy (or Danish Muhammed cartoon controversy, or close equivalents for “cartoons” like illustrations)
15. One work by this composer features two trumpets playing a sustained note into a soft staccato, and another work by this composer borrows its title from music theory texts and represents the process of writers block with a theme of repeated E minor chords. This composer noted that his pieces come in twos: “serious” and “trickster.” One work by this composer includes the movements A New Day and Sri Moonshine and depicts a “shock of recognition,” and in another work, four trumpets, clarinets, and synthesizers join a fortissimo woodblock beat. In addition to writingHarmonielehre,The Dharma at Big Sur, and Short Ride in a Fast Machine, this composer is known for an opera that uses part of a traditional Tewa song and the Bhagavad Gita, as well one with a libretto by Alice Goodman that was proceeded by a composition called the Chairman Dances. FTP, name this composer of the operas Doctor Atomic and Nixon in China.
ANSWER: John Adams
16. This author writes “A new era begins now, with the burning of the dirigible R101 as it crashes to earth" at the opening of his poem “News Bulletin 1930.” The only thing Robert Bolaño could say for certain about his work is “it will endure” in Bolaño's essay entitled “Eight Seconds with [this man].” Phrases like “Bargain crucifix, for sale” or “U.S.A., where liberty is a statue” appear with hundreds of postcards in his series of visual poems, the Artifacts.The speaker of one of his poems translated by Ferlinghetti and Ginsberg describes how he advanced from fire to cities and highways, but concludes he should go back “to that rock that was home, and start scratching all over again.” That poem “The Soliloquy of the Individual” appears in this man's 1954 collection Poems and Antipoems, and he often calls himself an "anti-poet." FTP, name this writer from Chile who's known for hating Pablo Neruda.
ANSWER: Nicanor Parra (or Nicanor Parra Sandoval)
17. The McDonald-Kreitman test measures this process by comparing the number of fixed differences and polymorphisms of a sequence. Sequences with a high ratio of non-synonymous substitutions over synonymous substitutions may be undergoing the positive type of this process. Kimura and Ohta have claimed the frequency of this process is quite small and argued for a “neutralist” position. George Price generalized Fisher's “fundamental theorem” of this process, which state's an organism's increase in fitness is equal to its genetic variance. This process is non-random, unlike genetic drift or genetic flow, and famous examples include the change in coloration of peppered moths and the development of beak shapes in finches. FTP, name this mechanism of evolution.
ANSWER: natural selection [accept neutral theory of molecular evolution or neutral mutation theory until end of second sentence, prompt on "evolution" until mentioned]
18. Later in life, this general authored a couple of books entitled Serving the Republic andPersonal Recollections and Observations, which bears the grandiose subtitle "From New England to the Golden Gate." He implicated Secretary of War Russell Alger in a scandal when he infamously ordered a military inquiry into "embalmed beef" rations purchased from Chicago, an action which led him to be censured. After he succeeded George Crook as commander of the army, he retained Charles Gatewood as leader of a campaign which climaxed at SkeletonCanyon. His other notable success was shared with Oliver Otis Howard and saw its climax at Bear Paw ravine. He was also called in by Grover Cleveland to suppress the Pullman strike. FTP, name this Spanish-American war general credited with capturing Chief Joseph and Geronimo.