Table S1Reported concentrations (µg L-1) of propranolol and losartan in different aquatic matrices in several countries. The values in bold were used to estimate MEC/PNEC ratios(cf., Table 3)
Pharmaceutical / Sample / Country / Reported concentration (µg L-1) / ReferenceSurface water
Propranolol / Glatt River / Switzerland / <0.005 – 0.008 / Alder et al. (2010)
River (upstream from STP) / UK / <0.010 – 0.115 / Ashton et al. (2004)
River (downstream from STP) / UK / <0.010 – 0.215 / Ashton et al. (2004)
East Fork River / USA / 0.023 / Batt et al. (2008)
Hoje River (upstream of the STP) / Sweden / <0.001 / Bendz et al. (2005)
Hoje River (downstream of the STP) / Sweden / 0.01 / Bendz et al. (2005)
Gardon River / France / 0.052 ± 0.006 – 0.113 ± 0.002 / Coetsier et al. (2009)
Henares-Jarama-Tajo river system / Spain / 0.0001 – 0.0073 / Fernández et al. (2010)
Jamaica Bay, Santa Ana river and Gwynns Falls / USA / <0.0001-0.032 / Fono and Sedlak (2005)
Llobegrat river basin / Spain / 0.00001-0.00006 / Ginebreda et al. (2010)
Ebro river basin (downstream the WWTPs) / Spain / 0.009-0.063 / Gros et al. (2007)
River Onyar / Spain / 0.012 / Gros et al. (2012)
Surface waters (downstream of sewage discharges) / UK / 0.037 / Hilton and Thomas (2003)
River Taff / UK / 0.005-0.007 / Kasprzyk-Hordern et al. (2007)
River Taff / UK / 0.007-0.031 / Kasprzyk-Hordern et al. (2008)
River Taff(upstream of WWTP) / UK / <0.0005-0.009 / Kasprzyk-Hordern et al. (2009)
River Taff (downstream of WWTP) / UK / 0.009-0.040 / Kasprzyk-Hordern et al. (2009)
River Ely (upstream of WWTP) / UK / <0.0005-0.027 / Kasprzyk-Hordern et al. (2009)
River Ely (downstream of WWTP) / UK / 0.007-0.074 / Kasprzyk-Hordern et al. (2009)
Mankyung River / South Korea / 0.0225-0.0401 / Kim et al. (2009b)
Sindian river / Taiwan / 0.0058-0.0391 / Lin et al. (2009)
Llobegrat river (downstream from WWTP) / Spain / 0.01494 / López-Serna et al. (2010)
Ebro basin (downstream to WWTP) / Spain / 0.00895-0.0188 / López-Serna et al. (2012a)
Ebro river basin / Spain / 0.00989-0.01882 / López-Serna et al. (2012b)
Jiulong River / China / 0.0009 (maximum) / Lv et al. (2014)
Surface waters (Novi Sad, Zrenjanin, Bečej, Vrbas) / Serbia / 0.0104 / Petrović et al. (2014)
Rivers and streams / Germany / 0.59 (maximum) / Ternes (1998)
Igarapé (40 river) / Brazil / 0.026 / Thomas et al. (2014)
Rivers of Madrid (downstream from STP) / Spain / 0.015 – 0.178 / Valcárcel et al. (2011)
Pego-Oliva Marshlands / Spain / 0.0166 (maximum) / Vazquez-Roig et al. (2012)
Rhône-Alpes region / France / 0.0012 (mean concentration) / Vulliet and Cren-Olivé (2011)
Receptor streams of hospital effluents / Brazil / 0.56 ±0.47 / Wilde et al. (2012)
River Ouse(outfall of a STP and its downstream) / England / 0.0017 – 0.0852 / Zhang et al. (2008)
Pharmaceutical / Sample / Country / Reported concentration (µg L-1) / Reference
Surface water
Propranolol / River Ouse(including sewage outfall and its upstream and downstream) / UK / 0.0039 – 0.102 / Zhang and Zhou (2007)
Effluents (STPa/WWTPb)
Effluent (WWTP) / Siwitzerland / 0.03 ± (0.005) -0.07 ± (0.008) / Alder et al. (2010)
Effluent (STP) / France / 0.01 -0.04 / Andreozzi et al. (2003)
Effluent (STP) / Greece / 0.01 / Andreozzi et al. (2003)
Effluent (STP) / Italy / 0.01-0.09 / Andreozzi et al. (2003)
Effluent (STP) / Sweden / 0.01 / Andreozzi et al. (2003)
Effluent (STP) / UK / 0.016 – 0.284 / Ashton et al. (2004)
Effluents (WWTP) / USA / 0.032-0.077 / Batt et al. (2008)
Effluent (STP) / Sweden / 0.03 / Bendz et al. (2005)
Effluent (WWTP) / Spain / 0.016-0.1 / Bueno et al. (2007)
Wastewater effluents / Spain / <0.001 – 0.82 / Camacho-Muñoz et al. 2010
Effluents (STP) / France / 0.16 ± 0.003 – 0.56 ± 0.023 / Coetsier et al. (2009)
Effluents (STP / France / 0.04 (maximum) / Ferrari et al. (2004)
Effluent from WWTPs / USA / 0.003-0.16 / Fono and Sedlak (2005)
Effluents of WWTP / France / 0.0026-0.398 / Gabet-Giraud et al. (2010)
Effluents of WWTP / Croatia / 0.1-0.47 / Gros et al. (2006)
Effluents (WWTP) / Spain / 0.097 / Gros et al. (2012)
Effluent (STP) / UK / 0.13-0.18 / Hilton and Thomas (2003)
Wastewater effluents / USA / 0.026-1.90 / Huggett et al. (2003)
Effluent (STP) / UK / 0.1574 / Jones et al. (2003)
Effluent (WWTP) / UK / 0.388 / Kasprzyk-Hordern et al. (2008)
Effluent (WWTP) / UK / 0.121-0.405 / Kasprzyk-Hordern et al. (2009)
Effluent (WWTP) / UK / 0.130-0.523 / Kasprzyk-Hordern et al. (2009)
Effluents (WWTP) / Ireland / 0.31 (maximum) / Lacey et al. (2012)
Effluent (WWTP) / Spain / 0.05160 / López-Serna et al. (2010)
Effluents (STP) / Sweden / <0.005-0.094 / Lundström et al. (2010)
Effluent (STP) / Switzerland / 0.032 ± 0.003 -0.123 ± 0.002 / Maurer et al. (2007)
Effluents (WWTP) / France / 1.1(maximum) / Miège et al. (2006)
Wastewater effluent (municipal sewerage) / Serbia / 0.0785 / Petrović et al. (2014)
Effluent (WWTP) / UK / 0.195-0.373 / Roberts and Thomas (2006)
Effluents (STP) / Germany / 0.29 (maximum) / Ternes (1998)
Effluent (STP) / Germany / 0.18 ± 0.01 (mean concentration) / Ternes et al. (2003)
Raw wastewaters (municipal) / Western Balkan / <0.012 – 0.255 / Terzić et al. (2008)
Pharmaceutical / Sample / Country / Reported concentration (µg L-1) / Reference
Effluents (STPa/WWTPb)
Propranolol / Effluent (WWTP) / England / 0.016-0.135 / Zhou et al. (2009)
Effluents (Hospital)
Hospital effluent wastewaters / Spain / 0.2-6.5 / Gómez et al. (2006)
Hospital effluents / Taiwan / 0.225 (maximum) / Lin and Tsai (2009)
Hospital effluents / Brazil / 0.70 ±0.88 / Wilde et al. (2012)
Effluents (drug production facilities)
Pharmaceutical production facilities effluents / Taiwan / 0.0081 (maximum) / Lin and Tsai (2009)
Underground water
Underground water (Private wells in Novi Sad/Vrbas) / Serbia / 0.0045 (maximum) / Petrović et al. (2014)
Rhône-Alpes region / France / 0.0018 (mean concentration) / Vulliet and Cren-Olivé (2011)
Drinking water
Drinking water (Novi Sad and Zrenjanin) / Serbia / <0.0014 – 0.0043 / Petrović et al. (2014)
Estuarine and marine waters
Jiulong River estuary / China / 0.0008 (maximum) / Lv et al. (2014)
Douro River estuary / Portugal / 0.00318 (maximum) / Madureira et al. (2010a)
Douro River estuary / Portugal / 0.0220-0.0540 / Madureira et al. (2010b)
Tyne River estuary / UK / 0.035 – 0.107 / Roberts and Thomas (2006)
Rivers Tyne, Tees, Mersey and Thames and Belfast Lough estuaries / UK / <0.004 – 0.056 / Thomas and Hilton (2004)
Scheldt estuary and Belgian harbours / Belgium / 0.024 (maximum) / Wille et al. (2010)
Yangtze River Estuary and its coastal water / China / 0.0003 – 0.025 / Yang et al. (2011)
Pharmaceutical / Sample / Country / Reported concentration (µg L-1) / Reference
Surface water
Losartan / Ebro basin (upstream from discharge point of WWTP effluent) / Spain / 0.5792 (maximum) / Acuña et al. (2014)
Raw water (human consumption) / France / 0.011 (maximum) / ANSES (2011)
Rivers in Bavaria / Germany / 0.12 (maximum) / Bayer et al. (2014)
Rivers, reservoirs and lakes (Spanhish Mediterranean area) / Spain / 0.099 (maximum) / Gracia-Lor et al. (2014)
River Onyar / Spain / 0.034 / Gros et al. (2012)
Jiulong River / China / <0.00005- 0.0012 / Lv et al. (2014)
Canal water from Bukovac village / Serbia / 0.154 (maximum) / Petrović et al. (2014)
Effluent (STPa/WWTPb)
Effluent (WWTP) / Spain / 0.266 (maximum) / Acuña et al. (2014)
Wastewater effluent (STP) / Germany / 0.45 (maximum) / Bayer et al. (2014)
Pharmaceutical / Sample / Country / Reported concentration (µg L-1) / Reference
Effluent (STPa/WWTPb)
Losartan / Effluent (WWTP receiving treated industrial wastewater, including from pharmaceutical industries) / Spain / 0.162 ± 0.189 / Collado et al. (2014)
Effluent wastewater / Spain / 0.37 (maximum) / Gracia-Lor (2014)
Effluent (WWTP) / Spain / 0.027 – 0.075 / Gros et al. (2012)
Effluent (WWTP) / Switzerland / 0.510 / Margot et al. (2013)
Effluent (STP) / Netherlands / 0.06 – 0.09 / Oosterhuis et al. (2013)
Sewerage on the out flow to the Danube / Serbia / 0.229 / Petrović et al. (2014)
Effluent (drug treatment plant)
Effluent samples from a treatment plant serving about 90 bulk drug manufactures / India / 2,400 –2,500 / Larsson et al. (2007)
Drinking water
Drinking water from a private residence (Girona) / Spain / 0.005 / Gros et al. (2012)
Marine water
Surface waters (Mediterranean sea) / Spain / 0.004 / Gros et al. (2012)
aSTP – sewage treatment plant
b WWTP – wastewater treatment plant
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