Assessment of Travel Survey and Mobility Behaviour Data Available in the Czech Republic

Assessment of Travel Survey and Mobility Behaviour Data Available in the Czech Republic

Travel survey and mobility behaviour data in SPAIN

Part of heading 2: Survey and data description

2.4.-Spain

2.4.1.- Introduction.

The Spanish contribution to this report has been elaborated from two sources of data:

Demography aspects and the characteristics of displacements, corresponding to people older than 60 years, have been obtained from the “Movilia” Spanish national survey data files, provided “ad hoc” by the Subdirección General de Estudios Económicos y Estadísticas del Ministerio de Fomento. Dr. Monterde-i-Bort is using this opportunity to extend gratitude to this organisation, and especially to the head of the Area of Delegate Statistics, Mr. Juan Manuel Ropero-Ortega, who kindly facilitated these data files.

Nevertheless, since the results presented here are consequence of a new data processing of those provided data files, the responsibility of them can only be attributed to Dr. Monterde-i-Bort, who is who has made the analysis and explanatory graphics, being the promoters of the survey and the Ministry itself exempt from responsibility in it.

Since Movilia survey did not gather data about the personal conditions, health state and mobility restrictions of population, the information on personal conditions, accessibility and handicapshas been obtained by a new transaction processing “ad hoc” on the separate Spanish data from the EU project named “SIZE” - Life Quality of Senior Citizens in Relation to Mobility Conditions (5th Framework Programme EU ‘Quality of Life and Management of Living Resources’, key action 6 ‘The Ageing Populations and Disabilities’, contract number QLRT-2002-02399), in which prof. Monterde-i-Bort was responsible on behalf the University of Valencia.

2.4.2.- The “Movilia” national survey.

It has been the first and the most important source for this study, due to its scope and sample size.

At national level, the Spanish Ministry of “Fomento” (”Development”) carried out a survey in 2006-2007 called “MOVILIA-2006”, with the aim of obtaining sufficient information to enable understanding of the mobility patterns of population residing in Spain in family households, their characteristics and determinants; in order to allow, among other objectives, research in terms of transport patterns that contribute to the planning infrastructure.

Population excluded: It is important to note that there are certain groups who, not included on the concept of population living in family housing are outside the scope study of the survey. It should be mentioned among these groups were not studied by the survey of people who are resident in collective accommodation, tourists and people, mainly migrant, has not legalized their residence in Spain. These groups have their own patterns of mobility, especially in certain areas; have a dramatic effect on the use of modes, which are not reflected in the survey. It should be noted, therefore, that this survey does not want measure the degree of use of transport modes, but, as said, to analyze the mobility patterns of the population resident in family dwellings.

2.4.2.1- Data structure:

The Mobility Survey is organized into two distinct phases. The first phase has as main purpose to study the characteristics of mobility "Everyday", ie which is done for any reason on any given day, obtaining information about:

a) Mobility taken along a working day and a weekend day, by observing all movements under investigation for this survey.

b) Overview of what we call "forced mobility", i.e., the made to the workplace and study centres.

c) Reasons for the lack of mobility.

The information for the first phase of the survey was obtained by“home visits”, during the last quarter of 2006.

The second phase main objective has been to study the long-distance mobility and mobility which involves an overnight stay at a location other than the residence. For that, it was used a sample panel type, with four quarterly intakes, through telephone interviews conducted between February 2007 and January 2008.

2.4.2.2.- Population:

The population under study is formed by the group of individuals living in family dwellings, regardless of nationality and other demographic characteristics.

With the generic term "family home" is intended to refer only to the exclusion of collective type dwellings without the sense of "family" implies exclusion those households whose members have no family ties.

2.4.2.3.- Geographic Coverage:

The survey studied the mobility of residents in family homes across the national territory, regardless of where the displacements occur or travel.

2.4.2.4.- Temporality:

For information on housing and mobility on a working day for each person, the time reference is the business day preceding the interview. For studying the mobility in the weekend, as reference day was randomly chosen the Saturday or the Sunday immediately preceding the day of the interview.

The travel time reference studied in the second phase is the month before celebration of the interview.

2.4.2.5.- Sample Design and sample size.

The selection frame sections and housings has been the Census, at national level,prepared by the (Spanish) National Institute of Statistics.

The design is based on a multistage cluster sampling with subsampling and stratificationunits of the first stage. The first stage units were 4,948representative census tracts to provincial level. The second stage unitswere family dwellings, selecting 10 dwellings per section. The unitsof third stage were the residents, one per household.

For various reasons, but mainly by the real lack of sufficientfamily housing in some sections, the final sample for the first phase was constituted by 49,027 houses and people, describing nearly 230,000 displacements.

In the second phase the initial sample was composed of 15,603 people, distributedevenly between each of the three months were each shot. With a total of 55,955 interviews, describing near of 35,000trips.

2.4.2.6.- Summary (Movilia).

SPAIN / First phase “Movilia” (2006):
DAILY DISPLACEMENTS / Second phase “Movilia) (2007-8):
LONG TRIPS
Methodology / Home visits / Telephone interviews.
Sample / 49,027 houses and people
(describing nearly 230,000 displacements). / 15,603 people,
with a total of 55,955 interviews (describing near of 35,000 trips).
Study design / The design is based on a multistage cluster sampling with subsampling and stratification units of the first stage.
The first stage units were 4,948 representative census tracts to provincial level. / The second stage units were family dwellings, selecting 10 dwellings per section. The units of third stage were the residents, one per household.

2.4.2.7.-Definitions (Glossary of Movilia)

2.4.2.7.1.- First phase of the survey (daily mobility):

Family Housing: That used all year or most of it as usual or permanent housing. With the generic term "family home" is intended to refer only to the exclusion of collective type dwellings without the sense of "family" implies exclude those households whose members have no family ties. Provides information on the type of housing, vehicle availability and accessibility to public transport.

Usual resident (at home): A person who on the day of the interview is based in the selected dwelling, without taking another house permanently, regardless of their nationality. We get information on their sociodemographic characteristics.

Family Informant: A person habitually resident over 18 years who has answered the questions of housing characteristics.

Informant of Mobility: Person selected from usual residents to complete the questionnaire on their mobility. May be less than 18 years, but in these cases always answer the questions in the presence or with the help of one of the adult residents of housing.

Work or study centre: Place where the person performs a work activity or study. It can be the home, a fixed (usually centre) or a place that usually varies. Each resident described a maximum of four centres, whether in work or study information was obtained on day of travel, modes of transport used in the most common movement and other alternative modes.

Displacement (or Move): Moving of a person from a place of origin to a destination by a purpose or reason. A displacement is considered as with a unique reason (or at least, one main reason). Any change of motive means a new displacement. For this reason, the returning to the place of origin is regarded as adifferent displacement. We have collected all displacements made by the selected individuals, with only two exceptions: (1) Displacement distances on foot or with less than five minutes. (2) Displacement incurred by the transport sector professionals (pilots, drivers, machinists, etc...) in the exercise of their profession. The other movements of this group are indeed collected.

2.4.2.7.2.- Second phase of the survey (long mobility):

Trip (or Voyage):

Trip means all journeys made by a person from leaving their place of residence until he returns back to him. The trip concept includes, therefore, the displacement or move from the place of origin to the destination and the move from the place of employment to its place of origin.

The Survey collects information about these trips started in the reference month, whatever the reason for it or modes of transport used which meetat least one of the following two conditions: (a) the target is located over 50 km from the origin, and (b) it is made at least one overnight stay outside the town of origin. Are excluded trips made by transportation professionals (pilots, drivers, machinists, etc...) in the exercise of their profession. Nevertheless the extra-professional trips of this collective are included.

For purpose of analysis and publication, the trips studied in the area of ​​this survey have been divided into four main groups:

1) Trips over 50 km: Those journeys whose destination is located more than 50 km from the point of origin, whatever mode of transport used and has taken place or not some overnight outside the town of origin. In this section are excluded travel over 50 kilometres to go to the centre conducted regular work or study, because arecollected in another section. Nevertheless, they are included those trips made by other motives, including work and study, which are different from the displacements to the habitual work/study centre.

2) Travel to work and study centres more than 50 Km: Those trips made to move to the usual work or studycentre, situated over 50 kilometres from the place of residence, regardless of mode of transport used .

3) Travel within 50 km with overnight: Those journeys whose destination is located within 50 km from the point of origin, whatever the reason and mode of transport used, provided they have made ​​at least one overnight stay outside the town of origin. For this purpose, it has been considered as different towns the different population entities withinthe same municipality (eg districts).

4) Flows: Under flows category are collected in aggregate way all trips under consideration by the survey, ie trips over 50 km, trips to work sites and studies more than 50 km and trips less than50 km with overnight.

Main reason for the trip:

A trip may have several reasons. The main one is that the informant considered as such.

In tables of data are collected six types of reasons:

a) Vacation: those made for fun or relaxation, ie what is generally called leisure, provided they have completed at least four nights away from the town origin of the trip.

b) Leisure: those made for fun or rest, provided either has not made ​​any overnight stay away from the town origin of the trip, or have done less than four.

c) Reasons professionals: those made for work purposes. In the section "Travel over 50 km." are excluded those made ​​to move to habitual work centre.

d) Visiting family or friends: When the informant believes that this is the reason that determines the trip, as compared to other entertainment or vacations.

e) Go to the second home: the term "Second Home" means that the informant used or can be used with some frequency and availability, whether or not its owner. In all trips to the "Second Home" has considered this as the main reason, regardless of whether there were other possible reasons (vacation, visits, etc...).

f) Other reasons: Any other reason not previously considered, for example for study, medical reasons, to accompany another person, etc…

Modes used in the trip:

The survey included all the modes used in the trip, being excluded only those used for transport within the same locality/town.

Mode which is considered as the main trip: when considering a single mode per trip, the main mode assignment follows a hierarchical approach: airplane-boat-train-bus-car-rest. When considering all modes used, the sum of all columns does not match the total value of travel.

In the tables of travel over 50 km and in the Flow ones have been considered five types of modes: “car” (where the bikes are included), “bus” (including buses, minibuses, etc.), “rail”, “aircraft” (including planes, helicopters, etc..) and “others”. In the "others" modes have been includedthe less frequent and, therefore, not statistically significant. It includes, among others, taxi, boat or ambulance.

In the tables of “trips within 50 km with overnight stay”, the way "Airplane", which is practically nonexistent, has been joined to the group "Others".

In the section "trips to work and study centres", in the main mode table which is offered at national level, has been included the mode "school or labour transport"; and the mode"plane" has been included in the "Others".

Origin of the trip:

All travel, by definition, must begin at the residence of informant. In most cases it is considered the family residence, ie routinely inhabited and consolidated by the informant at the time of the interview. Exceptionally, also considered as the origin of the trip:

- The second informant's residence, when this is your place of residence at the beginning of the reference month,

- Temporary Residences: that which, being different from the family residence has been used by the informant as a residence, usually for work or study.

Travel destination: The destination of the trip considered as the place where it meets the main reason for the trip.

Travel Distance: The distance in a straight line between the place of origin and the main destination. It does not match, therefore, with the actual distance travelled by the passenger.

2.4.3.- The “SIZE” Spanish data.

2.4.3.1.- Population, data structure, sample design and sample size:

For the SIZE project a “Quota-Sampling“ method was done in each participant country (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Ireland (Rep), Italy, Poland, Spain,and Sweden) among people from 65 years old, with a number of cases (sample size) computed in 400 people per country.

The computing of proportions was based on the obtained percentages of participation in interviews carry out in a previous phase (Focus-Group interviews) corresponding to the three established criteria in the project (and in this order): LIVING AREA (urban, suburban, and rural), AGE GROUP (65-74, 75-84, and 85+), and GENDER (male and female). And it was the same for all the countries. The number total of cases per country was computed using a standard statistical formula (when population size is unknown) to estimate the sample size, and it resulted in 400 (at least) per country.

Following graph shows the quota distribution of people:

(numbers represent the minimum n of cases in each cell)

The Spanish samplewas adjusted to the same pattern, and the total number of spanish people >= 65 years old participating in this study was 413.

The sample was gathered during the year 2005.

2.4.3.2.- Summary (SIZE Spanish sample).

SPAIN / SIZE separate sample (2005)
Methodology / Telephone (CATI) and personal interviews
Sample / 413 people older than 65 years
Study design / The design is based on a quota sampling with subsampling and stratification based in 3 levels:
living area type, age group and gender.

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