Artificial Intelligence s2

Fayoum University

Faculty of engineering

3rd communication

Artificial Intelligence

Insulin pump

Represent To :

Dr. Rania Abul Seou

Team member:

1. Doria Ramada Ahmed

2. Fatma Mazen Ali Mazen

3. Marian Meshiel

4. Nancy Gamal

5. Nada Mohammed Nabil

6. Wessam Ahmed Eid

Abstract

Insulin pumps are used by diabetics to help manage their diabetes. Insulin pump users must know how to count carbohydrates and should have their diabetes in control prior to starting the pump.

Introduction

Production of hormone (insulin) to control blood sugar levels:

The pancreas is made up of types of cells called islets of Langerhans. These cells sit in tiny groups, like small islands, scattered throughout the tissue of the pancreas. The islets of Langerhans contain alpha cells which secrete glucagon and beta cells which secrete insulin.

Insulin and glucagon are hormones that work to regulate the level of sugar (glucose) in the body to keep it within a healthy range. Unlike the acinar cells, the islets of Langerhans do not have ducts and secrete insulin and glucagon directly into the bloodstream.

Depending on what you’ve eaten, how much exercise your muscles are doing, and how active your body cells are, the amount of glucose in your bloodstream and cells varies. These 2 hormones have the job of keeping tight control of the amount of glucose in your blood so that it doesn’t rise or fall outside of healthy limits.

The pancreas detects this rise in blood glucose and starts to secrete insulin.

The problem in people with diabetes is that either they don’t produce enough insulin, or the insulin they do produce doesn’t work properly, or their cells don’t respond properly to insulin. So ,with the use of insulin pump the patient estimated to live his life normally.

The insulin pump

The insulin pump is a medical device used for the administration of insulin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, also known as continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy.

Objectives

For many patients, managing diabetes is difficult without frequent blood glucose monitoring and the use of an insulin pump. Today’s insulin pumps measure glucose levels.

They do not adjust insulin levels automatically or make treatment suggestions, but the software Schwartz, Shubrook and Marling are developing will do just that.

“The technology will remember patterns and interpret daily lifestyle information to make suggestions about how patients can better manage their glucose,”

Insulin is delivered around the clock, according to a programmed plan unique to each insulin pump wearer.

A small amount of insulin is given continually (the "basal rate").

This insulin keeps blood glucose in the desired range between meals and over night. When food is eaten, the user programs the insulin pump to deliver a "bolus dose" of insulin matched to the amount of food that will be consumed.

The insulin pump is not automatic! The user still has to decide how much insulin will be given.

But insulin pumps are the most accurate, precise, and flexible insulin delivery system currently available.

Using the results of blood glucose monitoring, the experienced insulin pump user can use this tool to obtain excellent blood glucose control while living a normal lifestyle, free of the strict scheduling demands that are required by conventional insulin regimens.

Methodology

The pump system is so smart it recommends the proper insulin dosage to the patient, after considering a number of variables, such as the amount of insulin previously delivered and still active in the body. The system simplifies this critical information process, so patients no longer feel as though they need to be mathematicians in order to keep their blood sugar levels in control.

The device includes:

the pump itself (including controls, processing module, and batteries)

a disposable reservoir for insulin (inside the pump)

a disposable infusion set, including a cannula for subcutaneous insertion (under the skin) and a tubing system to interface the insulin reservoir to the cannula.

With insulin pump therapy you can

1.exercise when you want without having to eat first

2.worry less about going low

3.eat what you want, when you want

4.BE free from multiple daily shots

5.Reduce your risk of eye, kidney &never disease.

Insulin pump application specification :

Glucose Probes:

Senses amount of glucose that is in the body by calculating the glucose content in the system.

Activity Monitor :

Shows a real time stream of how insulin is reacting to glucose with in the body.

Warning bells:

Warns user when indications show Insulin is headed for the high zone or the low zone rather then merely the safe zone.

Zone Monitor:

The zone monitor is to display what zone the glucose in the body is in.

if the sensor probes demonstrates glucose levels are headed toward unsafe high levels than zone monitor would read high zone.

If glucose was headed down to a low level of glucose than the monitor should read dangerously low zone and if safe and seemed neutralized than monitor should be reading in the safe zone.

Injection display monitor:

this monitor tells the user how much insulin is being injected based on the sugar probes embedded in the body.

Manuel over-ride switch:

This allows users to over ride the computer controls and manually inject more insulin if needed.

Temperature thermometer:

Should measure how cool the insulin is being maintained inside the insulin pump.

Temperature monitor:

Displays the temperature the insulin is being kept at inside the pump in both Fehreignheight and Celsius readings.

Cooling Mechanism:

This is a mechanism that was used in order to cool insulin so it is always maintained between 2 thru 8 degrees Celsius and 35 thru 45 degrees ferenheight.

Low Battery indicator:

A mechanism that alerts the user when battery is low and needs replacing.

Low battery alarm:

an alarm that continually beeps when acid in a battery gets to a critically low level.

Back up battery:

A battery that carries the system when the main battery goes dead or when replacing the main battery.

Low insulin indicator and alarm:

An indicator and alarm that is triggered when the insulin inside the pump reaches a certain level of lowness.

Insulin backup control:

switches over to the spare backup insulin that is triggered in the event that insulin is needed in a rapid does and as a result runs out and so to keep a steady control of glucose a spare pack inside the pump is triggered that will last a short while in time to replace the main insulin inside the pump.

Error monitor:

A monitor that displays errors in performing certain tasks do to hardware problems and or misplacement of the glucose probes in the infected human.

This error monitor will alert the user to malfunctions in the hardware counterpart and be smart enough to know what is seeming to be the problem so quick attention can be given to the machinery.

How to use:

There are many different places that a pump can be worn. Choices will depend

on how accessible the pump needs to be in different situations, and also on

how comfortable the pump user is with having their pump on display. While

many people now carry mobile phones, and pagers are common, an insulin

pump can still carry some stigma and make pump users feel self-conscious.

Basic software programming:

The software program will provided daily logs via the Internet, tracking insulin dosages, work, sleep, exercise,meals, stress, illness, menstrual cycles, infusion set changes, pump problems, hypoglycemic episodes, and

other events.

It will set the correct time and date in your pump is necessary for accurate delivery.

It will have a history about your daily insulin rate.

Types of Insulin pump:

1-Traditional insulin monitoring.

2-Wearable insulin pump.

3-Wireless insulin pump:

The platform uses wireless technology to deliver efficiency, portability and convenience in diabetes treatment. The insulin pump can be worn discreetly under clothing, and without the need to manipulate the pump to adjust insulin dosage. The platform illustrates how wireless technology can be used to benefit the patient by providing control and convenience in their treatment.

4-GSM insulin pump:

Insulin will be transmitted via Short Message Service(SMS).

5-Ultrasound Insulin Patch:

The transducers produce ultrasonic waves that open microscopic channels in the skin to transmit insulin.

conclusion

One of the important aspects of providing an insulin pump service is ensuring

that people who use pumps receive adequate education to help them manage

their diabetes.

Result

Insulin pump is more flexible with regard to meals It decreases risk of dangerously low blood sugar also it is able to accurately dose even tiny amounts of insulin .

Using it can improve your quality of life

It allows you to exercise without having to eat large amounts of carbohydrate and also allows you to be flexible about when and what you eat.

On the other hand, it can be expensive and can be bothersome since you are attached to the pump most of the time.

Future Work

When insulin pump technology is combined with acontinuous blood glucose monitoringsystem, the technology seems promising for real-time control of the blood sugar level. Currently there are no mature algorithms to automatically control the insulin delivery based on feedback of the blood glucose level. When the loop is closed, the system may function as anartificial pancreas.

An insulin pump that can be surgically implanted inside the body will be available soon by Medtronic. It is the approximate size of a hockey puck, and communicates via RF to an external control. It is refilled by injection through the skin, and holds approximately 2 weeks of insulin.

References:

http://www.minimed.com/pumptherapy/whatispumptherapy/flexibility.html.

MedtronicMiniMed-20030707 (pdf).

InsPumpDiab book (By Jill Rodgers)

Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology (pdf).

http://www.minimed.com/swf/infusionsets/index.html

http://www.uchsc.edu/misc/diabetes/books/pump/pump2.pdf