Article from a Large Reference Book

BIBLIOGRAPHY

ARTICLE FROM A LARGE REFERENCE BOOK

“Section Title.” (Edition year). Name of Reference Book.PublishingCity: Publishing Company.

ARTICLE FROM AN ENCYCLOPEDIA SET

Last Name, First Initial, ed. (Copyright year). Name of Encyclopedia Set. Vol. Number.

PublishingCity: Publishing Company.

ARTICLE IN MAGAZINE WITH AUTHOR or NEWSPAPER ARTICLE

Last Name, First Initial. (Complete Date). “Title of the Article.” Name of Magazine or Newspaper. Day

Month Year: pp number.

ARTICLE IN MAGAZINE WITH NO AUTHOR

“Title of the Article.” (Complete Date). Name of Magazine. pp number.

BOOK COMPILED BY EDITOR

Last Name, First Initial, ed. (Copyrighted year). Book Title. PublishingCity: Publisher.

BOOK WITH ONE AUTHOR

Last Name, First Initial. (Copyrighted year). Book Title. PublishingCity: Publisher.

BOOK WITH MORE THAN ONE AUTHOR

Last Name, First Initial, Last Name, First Initial, and Last Name, First Initial. (Copyrighted year). Book Title.

PublishingCity: Publisher.

COMPUTER SOFTWARE, CD-ROM

“Title of Section.” (Publishing year). Name of Program. Version number. Publisher.

INTERNET SITE

Last Name, First Initial. (Publishing year). Name of Article. [Online]. Available:

of site

INTERVEIW

Last Name, First Initial. (Complete Date of Interview). Personal Interview.

TV/RADIO

“Name of that episode.” (Completed date of interview). Name of Show. Prod. Last Name, First Initial.

Letters of Broadcast Company. Letter of Local Channel, City of Local Channel.

VIDEO

Name of Video. (Copyrighted year). Dir. Last Name, First Initial. Name of Movie Producing Company.

PARENTHETICAL CITATIONS

Why we use parenthetical / in-text citations?

This format of citing requires the use of in-text or parenthetical citations. We use this to help the reader identify which ideas and facts in the paper come from the particular sources in the bibliography.

Author date system
This format uses the author-date system, or the last name of the author and the year published, to help identify sources in the reference list. Place these citations after the information, whether in the middle or at the end of a sentence. If the author or the date is already included in the sentence, then exclude it from the parenthetical citation.

Basic Examples

When no author or date is mentioned in the sentence:

When the author is mentioned in the sentence:

When both the date and the author are mentioned in the sentence, do no use parenthetical citations.

Multiple Authors

If there are three or less authors in a source, always cite all these authors when referencing their work:

If there are more than three, four, or five authors, first cite all the authors in the parenthetical citation, then for following reference, cite the first author followed by “et al.”

Group Authors

Cite a group author (corporations, associations, government agencies, and universities) like you would an author in an in-text citation. If you cite the same group author numerous times, you may add an abbreviation in brackets in the first citation, and later reference that group by the abbreviation.

After that you can cite it like this…

No Author

When there is no author, cite the first few words of what appears in the reference list entry (enough to allow the user to identify the source). If citing the title of an article of chapter, place it in double quotes. If citing, a periodical, brochure, book or report, italicize the title.

Specific parts or sections

Use the page, chapter, or whatever identifier necessary to help the reader locate the specific part of the source. When quoting a source, always provide page numbers.

Placing parenthetical citations in direct quotations

When directly quoting a source, place the parenthetical citation after the quote. For example: