ARCHI 157: History of World ArchitectureMidterm Review: American Colonial

PARTICIPATION QUESTIONS

  1. What was one of the first English dwellings based on a Native American dwelling?
  2. What type of framing system did the English settlers use?
  3. What was filled in between the framing members?
  4. What were roofs typically made of?
  5. What was the main heating element used for early houses? Where was it located? Where was it later moved to?
  6. What is the Code of Gentility?
  7. How did the Code of Gentility influence architecture in the 1700’s?
  8. What is a famous house designed in the Georgian style?
  9. What is the tragic story of the woman who died in this house?
  10. What are characteristics of the Georgian style? Draw a picture and label as much as you can.
  1. What ancient building in France is the design of the Virginia State Capitol based on?
  2. What ancient building in Rome is the design of the University of Virginia library based on?
  3. What Italian architect is the most likely influence for the building of Monticello?
  4. What river in Virginia is known for distinguished colonial estates and plantations?
  5. What church is known for the midnight ride of Paul Revere?
  6. What British architects influenced church design in the American colonies?
  1. What is the name of George Washington’s residence?
  2. What is the ratio that Washington used for the columns on the porch of his house?
  3. What classical column order does this ratio correspond to?
  4. What was the purpose of the gardens in Jefferson and Washington’s time?
  5. What types of materials were used for walkways in the gardens?
  6. What was the original name of New York?
  7. Who founded this colony?
  8. What happened to the name of the original colony? Why?
  9. What area of the united states was settled by the French?
  10. Who were two French explorers that mapped the Mississippi river?

MULTIPLE CHOICE

  1. Who were the original European settlers in Florida?
    A. The English
    B. The Portuguese
    C. The Dutch
    D. The Spanish
  2. Who were the founding colonists of New York?
    A. The Danish
    B. The Dutch
    C. The Pilgrims
    D. The Italians
  3. What building characteristics were typical of the structures in New Amsterdam?
    A. Scattered rural environments, timber construction, central plazas
    B. Dense urban environments, brick construction, narrow buildings with gables facing the street
    C. Rigidly geometric urban environments, concrete framing, flat roofs and curtain walls
    D. Agrarian environments, huts of thatch and shingles, military fortresses for defense
  4. What was the political climate for development of New Amsterdam?
    A. Capitalism generated great opportunity which financed the military defeat of the English
    B. Feudal structures persisted, lack of interest in the colony led to peaceful surrender to the English.
    C. Urban structures developed under the influence of English rural farm prototypes
    D. Collaboration with the Germans introduced new forms of building economics which came to dominate over the English building trades.
  5. What statement is correct about Spanish colonial planning?
    A. Grids of streets, plazas with church and government buildings
    B. Grids of streets, plazas incorporating pre-existing Native American ceremonial structures
    C. Organic growth of streets, church and government buildings decentralized and scattered
    D. Grids of streets, lack of churches, labor as a form of spiritualism
  6. The palace of the Governors in Santa Fe, New Mexico is an example of what kind of early architecture
    A. Spanish Modern
    B. Monterey Style
    C. Mission Revival
    D. Spanish Colonial
  7. The Castillo, located in St. Augustine Florida is an example of
    A. Southeastern Spanish church design
    B. Spanish Mission Design
    C. Early Southeastern Spanish fortress design
    D. Spanish colonial revival
  8. The Jacales structures is a building associated with what immigrant group
    A. Anasazi
    B. Hopi
    C. Southwestern Spanish
    D. Pennsylvania Deutch
  9. Early explorers of the Mississippi valley area were:
    A. Drake and Cortez
    B. Magellan
    C. Louis and Clark
    D. Marquette and Joliet
  1. Some French buildings in the Illinois region are:
    A. Fort Matanzas, Castillo, Pueblo Bonito
    B. Parson Joseph Capen house, Rebecca Nurse house, Jonathan Corwin Witch house
    C. Cahokia Courthouse, Fort Massac, Fort de Chartres
    D. Petit Trianon, Chartres Cathedral, Les Jardins de L’Enfant
  2. What were characteristics of Dutch urban planning in New Amsterdam?
    A. Originally planned as a grid, later planning deviates to follow contours of the land
    B. Originally planned as a cathedral with rampart walls, later planning modified for civilian settlement
    C. Originally a fort with surrounding medieval winding urban roads, later developed into to a grid
    D. Originally planned as a system of plazas, later modified to become fortresses as a buffer against the Spanish
  3. Framing structures and room layouts of early English colonial houses were designed around what architectural feature?
    A. The porch
    B. The kitchen
    C. The bedroom
    D. The fireplace
  4. Stylistic preferences and developments in fireplace technology led to what architectural change in later colonial houses
    A. Portable coal and gas powered heaters
    B. Fireplaces at each end of the dwelling
    C. Dual fireplaces in the kitchen
    D. Fireplace pits outside
  5. One of the very first noted settlements in the new world was known as:
    A. Jamestown, 1617
    B. Jamestown, 1607
    C. Philadelphia, 1682
    D. New Haven, 1638
  6. Salem and Boston continued the medieval tradition of town planning by:
    A. Following contours of the land and local site conditions
    B. Building fortresses with ramparts
    C. Following gridiron street plans
    D. Developing geometrically ordered central plazas and town squares
  7. The Rebecca nurse house is associated with what event in history
    A. The signing of the stamp act
    B. The Salem Witch Trials
    C. The massacre of 1622
    D. John Brown’s raid

ESSAY TOPIC
Discuss the structure, materials and organization of the Georgian house and how it responded to its social context.

What are some of the most famous examples of Georgian architecture? Name at least one and give some information.
What social influences shaped the spaces of this type of building?
How did technological advances affect the architecture?
How was it different from previous types of buildings which came before it?
Who was it named after and what did the architects try to achieve with their designs?
Where is it found in the United States?