Supplemental Table 1. Arabidopsis mutations of genes with microtubule-associated functions. Only mutants for which the genetic lesion has been reported are presented. This list contains sensu strictu MAP mutants, mutants of the tubulin folding machinery as well as further mutants for which distinctive microtubule-relatedphenotypes have been reported.
Mutant / Homology / AGI number / Main morphological and sub-cellular phenotype / Miscellaneous / Referenceangustifolia1
an1 / similar to CtBP-Bars / At1g01510 / - reduced trichome branching
- microtubule density
- elongated leaves
- microtubule orientation / (Kim et al., 2002)(Folkers et al., 2002)
arl2
(titan5, hallimasch) / ARF-like GTPase family, tubulin folding / At2g18390 / - mutants arrest during embryogenesis / (Steinborn et al., 2002)
armadillo-repeat containing kinesinark2 / kinesin (plant-specific class) / At1g01950 / - helical root growth / (Sakai et al., 2008)
atk1 / kinesin 14 class / At4g21270 / - atk1-1 mutant male meiotic spindles (metaphase1) were broad, unfocused and multi-axial / (Chen et al., 2002; Marcus et al., 2003)
atk5 / kinesin 14 class / At4g05190 / - plants appear morphologically normal
- involved in early mitotic spindle formation / (Ambrose et al., 2005; Ambrose and Cyr, 2007)
champignon
(titan1) / tubulin-folding co-factor D / At3g60740 / - mutants arrest during embryogenesis / (Steinborn et al., 2002)
clasp-1 / CLASP homologue / At2g20190 / - plants are dwarfed
- less populated cortical microtubules array
- mitotic arrays are aberrant / (Ambrose et al., 2007; Kirik et al., 2007)
eb1-a
eb1-b
eb1-c / EB1 homologue / At3g47690
At5g62500
At5g67270 / - helical growth
- some alleles oryzalin hypersensitive / double and triple mutants reveal phenotype / (Bisgrove et al., 2008)
fass
fs1
(ton2) / phosphatase PP2A regulatory subunit B” / At5g18580 / - no division plane alignment
- lacks pre-prophase bands and cortical microtubules are misaligned / (Torres-Ruiz and Jurgens, 1994; Camilleri et al., 2002)
fragile fiber1
fra1 / kinesin 4 class / At5g47820 / - reduced mechanical strength of fibers
- abnormal orientation of cellulose microfibrils / (Zhong et al., 2002; Zhou et al., 2007)
fragile fiber2
fra2
(bot1, lue1, erh3) / katanin p60 subunit / At1g80350 / - stunted growth
- ectopic root hairs
- delayed establishment of the cortical microtubule array / (Bichet et al., 2001; Burk et al., 2001; Webb et al., 2002; Bouquin et al., 2003)
hinkel
(nack1) / kinesin 14 class / At1g18370 / - cytokinesis defects
- phragmoplast microtubules do not re-organize / (Nishihama et al., 2002; Strompen et al., 2002)
ibo1
(nek6) / NIMA-related protein kinase / At3g44200 / - epidermal outgrowth / GFP fusions labelmicrotubules;interaction with ARK kinesins. / (Motose et al., 2008; Sakai et al., 2008)
kiesel
kis / tubulin-folding co-factor A / At2g30410 / - shape defect in trichomes
- cell defect in etiolated hypocotyls
- microtubule orientation abnormal / (Kirik et al., 2002a; Steinborn et al., 2002)
kinesin13a / kinesin 13 class / At3g16630 / -overbranched trichome
-Golgi stacks clustered / (Lu et al., 2005)
map18 / microtubule binding motif of MAP1B / At5g44610 / - cell shape defects
- microtubule orientation defective / based on RNAi data / (Wang et al., 2007)
map70-5 / plant MAP / At4g17220 / - reduced inflorescence growth
- helical organ growth in overexpressors / based on RNAi data / (Korolev et al., 2007)
microtubule
organization1
mor1 / XMAP215 / TOGp homologue / At2g35630 / - helical organ growth, cell swelling, stunted organs and cytokinesis defects
- reduced microtubule length / temperature-sensitive alleles / (Whittington et al., 2001; Twell et al., 2002)
morphogenesis of root-hairs
mrh2
(ark1) / kinesin (plant-specific class) / At3g54870 / - split root hairs
- root hair microtubules with ectopic localization in endoplasm / (Jones et al., 2006; Yang et al., 2007; Sakai et al., 2008)
pfifferling / tubulin-folding co-factor E / At1g71440 / - mutants arrest during embryogenesis / (Steinborn et al., 2002)
phosducin 3
plp3 / tubulin folding / At3g50960
At5g66410 / - disoriented cell growth and cytokinesis defects
- disrupted microtubule arrays / includes RNAi data, double knock-down reveals phenotype / (Castellano and Sablowski, 2008)
phragmoplast-
orienting
kinesin
pok1 and pok2 / kinesin 12 class / At3g17360
At3g19050 / - abnormal plane of cytokinesis
- misoriented mitotic arrays and misplaced cell walls / double mutants reveal phenotype / (Muller et al., 2006)
phramoplast-associated kinesin
pakrp1 and pakrp2 / kinesin12
class / At4g14150
At3g23670 / - defects in the first post-meiotic division of the male gametophyte
- phragmoplasts of the microspore become disorganized / double mutants reveal phenotype / (Lee et al., 2007)
pleiade
(map65-3) / PRC1 / Ase1/ MAP65 homologue / At5g51600 / - cytokinesis defects in roots
- the cytokinetic phragmoplast is distorted / (Muller et al., 2002; Muller et al., 2004; Caillaud et al., 2008)
porcino
por / tubulin-folding co-factor C / At4g39920 / - mutants arrest early during embryogenesis
- strong mutants have no detectable microtubules / (Kirik et al., 2002b; Steinborn et al., 2002)
propyzamide-
hypersensitive1
phs1 / similar to MAPK phosphatase / At5g23720 / - helical growth
- cortical microtubules less ordered and more fragmented / dominant-negative allele, knock-out is embryo-lethal / (Naoi and Hashimoto, 2004)
root swelling7
rsw7 / kinesin 5 class / At2g28620 / - swollen roots
- cortical and spindle microtubules misoriented / temperature-sensitive allele / (Bannigan et al., 2007)
rop-interacting1
ric1 / CRIB motif / At2g33460 / - misformed leaf epidermal cells
- fewer, shorter and less organized microtubules / (Fu et al., 2005)
spira1-like 2
spira1-like 3
spira1-like 4 / plant MAP / At1g69230
At3g02180
At5g15600 / - enhanced helical organ growth when analyzed in spr1 background / (Nakajima et al., 2006)
spiral1
spr1
(sku6) / plant MAP / At2g03680 / - helical growth and swollen cells
- helical microtubule arrays / (Furutani et al., 2000; Nakajima et al., 2004; Sedbrook et al., 2004)
stud1
std1
(tetraspore, nack2) / kinesin 14 class / At3g43210 / - meiosis defects lead to abnormal pollen shape
- male meiotic microtubule array fails to form / (Hülskamp et al., 1997; Spielman et al., 1997; Yang et al., 2003)
tangled1
tan1 / plant MAP / At3g05330 / - abnormal plane of cytokinesis
- PPB alignment and phragmoplast attraction impaired / (Walker et al., 2007)
tonneau1
ton1 / LisH domain / At3g55000 / - no division plane alignment
- no PPB formed / (Traas et al., 1995; Nacry et al., 1998)
tortifolia1
tor1
(spr2, cn) / plant MAP / At4g27060 / - helical organ growth
- cortical microtubules misaligned and later helical
- altered microtubule dynamics / (Bürger, 1971; Buschmann et al., 2004; Shoji et al., 2004; Yao et al., 2008)
tortifolia1-like
(spr2-like) / plant MAP / At1g50890 / - enhances twisting in tor1 background / (Yao et al., 2008)
tua2
tua3
tua4
tua5
tua6
(lefty1+2) / -tubulin
GTP binding / At1g50010
At5g19770
At1g04820
At5g19780
At4g14960 / - helical organ twisting and helical microtubule arrays in dominant-negative mutants
- altered microtubule dynamics in helical growth background
- stunted growth in -tubulin antisense plants / tua6cys213is a temperature sensitive allele;
antisense data
available. / (Bao et al., 2001; Thitamadee et al., 2002; Ishida and Hashimoto, 2007; Ishida et al., 2007)
tub1
tub2
tub3
tub4 / -tubulin GTPase / At1g75780
At5g62690
At5g62700
At5g44340 / - helical organ twisting
- helical microtubule arrays / dominant-negative tubulin mutations / (Ishida et al., 2007)
tug1
tug2 / -tubulin / At3g61650
At5g05620 / - gametophytic or seedling lethal
- aberrant cytokinetic microtubule arrays / double mutants reveal phenotype, RNAi data also available / (Binarova et al., 2006; Pastuglia et al., 2006)
ungud9
(air9) / plant MAP / At2g34680 / - embryo lethal and gametophytic defective / (Lalanne et al., 2004; Buschmann et al., 2006; Buschmann et al., 2007)
wave-dampened2
wvd2 / TPX2 domain homology / At5g28646 / - helical growth and impaired root waving
- helical microtubule arrays / overexpression
and RNAi / (Yuen et al., 2003; Perrin et al., 2007)
wave-dampened-like
wdl1 / TPX2 domain homology / At3g04630 / - helical growth and impaired root waving / overexpression
and RNAi / (Yuen et al., 2003; Perrin et al., 2007)
zwichel
zwi
(kcbp) / Ca2+ / calmodulin –regulated class 14 kinesin / At5g65930 / - fewer trichome branches and impaired branch elongation / zwi mutants may be hypomorphic / (Oppenheimer et al., 1997; Krishnakumar and Oppenheimer, 1999; Reddy et al., 2004)
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