Name______

Due______

APUSH Periods 1 & 2: Colonial America 1491-1754

Key Terms

On your own paper, you must include the definition and significance of each term. The significance explains why this term is important; it answers the question “So What?” Sometimes this will become more obvious as you continue to read the chapter. Use bullet points and/or phrases. It is suggested that you also include dates where applicable. The key terms are intended to help you understand the material for the quizzes, test, and the AP Exam in May. If you do a good job now, reviewing in May using your Key Terms will be very simple.

Chapter 1 /
  1. Treaty of Tordesillas
  2. European motives for colonization (Spain, France, England)
  3. Encomienda
  4. Pueblo Revolt
  5. Roanoke

Chapter 2 & 3 /
  1. Jamestown
  2. John Smith
  3. Tobacco
  4. Maryland
  5. Life in the Chesapeake
  1. Pilgrims/Separatists
  2. Mayflower Compact
  3. Puritans
  4. Anne Hutchinson
  5. Roger Williams
  6. Massachusetts
  7. Half-Way Covenant
  8. Life in New England
  9. Pennsylvania
  10. New York/New Netherland
  11. Life in the Middle Colonies
  12. Georgia
  13. Life in the South
  14. Navigation Acts
/
  1. Salutary neglect
  2. Indentured servants
  3. Bacon’s Rebellion
  4. Rise of slave labor
  5. Mercantilism
  6. Iroquois Confederacy
  7. New England Confederation
  8. Dominion of New England
  9. Salem Witch Trials
  10. Triangular Trade
  11. Education in the colonies
  12. Colonial commerce
  13. Enlightenment
  14. Ben Franklin
  15. Great Awakening
  16. Jonathan Edwards
  17. New Lights
  18. Zenger Trial
  19. Stono Rebellion

Must Know Dates

Period 1: 1491-1607
  • 1430: Portuguese start voyages down the west coast of Africa
  • 1492: Columbus arrives in Western Hemisphere
  • 1509-1547
  • Henry VII rules England
  • Protestant reformation begins in England
  • 1558-1603
  • Reign of Queen Elizabeth I
  • Ireland conquered by England
  • 1565: St. Augustine founded
  • 1587: Roanoke established, but failed
Period 2: 1607-1754
  • 1607: Jamestown founded
  • 1608: Quebec founded
  • 1609: Dutch claim Hudson River area (New Amsterdam)
  • 1612: Tobacco made a profitable crop by John Rolfe
/
  • 1619
  • First group of blacks brought to Virginia
  • First legislative assembly meets in Virginia
  • 1620: First Pilgrims in Plymouth
  • 1622: Indian attacks in Virginia end hopes of becoming a bi-racial society
  • 1629: Great Puritan migration to Massachusetts Bay
  • 1636: Harvard founded
  • 1676: Bacon's Rebellion
  • 1680: Pueblo Revolt
  • 1686: Creation of Dominion of New England
  • 1688: Glorious Revolution in England
  • 1700: 250,000 settlers in English colonies
  • 1704: First colonial newspaper
  • 1720s: Colonial economic life quickens
  • 1739-1744: Great Awakening

Key Concepts: Periods 1 & 2

Period 1 Overview (1491-1607): On a North American continent controlled by American Indians, contact among the peoples of Europe, the Americas, West Africa created a new world.

1.1: Before the arrival of Europeans, native populations in North America developed a wide variety of social, political, and economic structures based in part on interactions with the environment and each other.

Key Concepts / At Least One Piece of Evidence to
Support the Concept
As settlers migrated and settled across the vast expanse of North America over time, they developed quite different and increasingly complex societies by adapting to and transforming their diverse environments. / A lack of resources in the Great Plains encouraged people to be more nomadic.
In the Northeast and along the Atlantic, societies developed a mixed agricultural and hunter–gatherer economy that favored permanent villages.
I Can… (circle all that apply) / Connect to Another Time Period / Provide Supporting Evidence / Explain the Main Idea / Identify the Key Terms

1.2: European overseas expansion resulted in the Columbian Exchange, a series of interactions and adaptations among societies across the Atlantic.

Key Concepts / At Least One Piece of Evidence to
Support the Concept
The arrival of Europeans in the Western Hemisphere in the 15th and 16th centuries triggered extensive demographic and social changes on both sides of the Atlantic. / Spanish and Portuguese exploration and conquest of the Americas led to widespread deadly epidemics.
In the Spanish colonies, the encomienda system was gradually replaced by slaves brought over from Africa.
European expansion into the Western Hemisphere caused intense social/religious, political, and economic competition in Europe and the promotion of empire building. / European countries competed to find a Northwest Passage through America to get to Asia.
New sources of mineral wealth (gold and silver) facilitated the European shift from feudalism to mercantilism.
I Can… (circle all that apply) / Connect to Another Time Period / Provide Supporting Evidence / Explain the Main Idea / Identify the Key Terms

1.3: Contacts among American Indians, Africans, and Europeans challenged the worldviews of each group.

Key Concepts / At Least One Piece of Evidence to
Support the Concept
European overseas expansion and sustained contacts with Africans and American Indians dramatically altered European views of social, political, and economic relationships among and between white and nonwhite peoples. / Juan de Sepulveda and Bartolome de Las Casas debated over the treatment of the Native Americans.
Europeans and Natives disagreed on the private vs. public ownership of land.
Native peoples and Africans in the Americas strove to maintain their political and cultural autonomy in the face of European challenges to their independence and core beliefs. / The Pueblos revolted against Spanish attempts to force natives to change their beliefs.
Slaves ran away and formed “Maroon” communities where they continued their traditions.
I Can… (circle all that apply) / Connect to Another Time Period / Provide Supporting Evidence / Explain the Main Idea / Identify the Key Terms

Period 2 Overview (1607-1754): Europeans and American Indians maneuvered and fought for dominance, control, and security in North America, and distinctive colonial and native societies emerged.

2.1: Differences in imperial goals, cultures, and the North American environments that different empires confronted led Europeans to develop diverse patterns of colonization.

Key Concepts / At Least One Piece of Evidence to
Support the Concept
Seventeenth-century Spanish, French, Dutch, and British colonizers embraced different social and economic goals, cultural assumptions, and folkways, resulting in varied models of colonization.
The British–American system of slavery developed out of the economic, demographic, and geographic characteristics of the British-controlled regions of the New World.
Along with other factors, environmental and geographical variations, including climate and natural resources, contributed to regional differences in what would become the British colonies
I Can… (circle all that apply) / Connect to Another Time Period / Provide Supporting Evidence / Explain the Main Idea / Identify the Key Terms

2.2: European colonization efforts in North America stimulated intercultural contact and intensified conflict between the various groups of colonizers and native peoples.

Key Concepts / At Least One Piece of Evidence to
Support the Concept
Competition over resources between European rivals led to conflict within and between North American colonial possessions and American Indians.
Clashes between European and American Indian social and economic values caused changes in both cultures
I Can… (circle all that apply) / Connect to Another Time Period / Provide Supporting Evidence / Explain the Main Idea / Identify the Key Terms

2.3: The increasing political, economic, and cultural exchanges within the “Atlantic World” had a profound impact on the development of colonial societies in North America.

Key Concepts / At Least One Piece of Evidence to
Support the Concept
“Atlantic World” commercial, religious, philosophical, and political interactions among Europeans, Africans, and American native peoples stimulated economic growth, expanded social networks, and reshaped labor systems.
Britain’s desire to maintain a viable North American empire in the face of growing internal challenges and external competition inspired efforts to strengthen its imperial control, stimulating increasing resistance from colonists who had grown accustomed to a large measure of autonomy.
I Can… (circle all that apply) / Connect to Another Time Period / Provide Supporting Evidence / Explain the Main Idea / Identify the Key Terms