Recoveredremains / Scat-supposedproducer / Locality and age / Reference
Bacteria, bones, epithelial cells, striated muscle fibers, connective tissues, fish teethes and scales, plant fragments, chitin, parasitic helminths eggs / Iguanodon, Dinosaure / Bernissart, Belgium (LowerCretaceous) / Bertrand 1903; Poinar & Boucot 2006
Bacteria, ostracods and freshwateralgae / unidentified / Bridger Formation, Wyoming, USA (Upper Eocene) / Bradley 1946
Undigested muscle tissues / Tyranosaurida, Dinosaure / Alberta, USA (UpperCretaceous) / Chin et al2003
Fungi / Isisaurus, Dinosaure / Lameta Formation India (Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous) / Sharma et al 2005
Bones fragments, ganoid scales and the distinctive tooth crown of a pycnodont fish / unidentified / Texas, USA (Santonian, Upper Cretaceous) / Everhart2007
Bones / Carnivora / Karoo Basin, South Africa (Santonian, Upper Cretaceous) / Smith and Botha-Brink, 2011
Freshwater bivalves / unidentified / South Africa (Lower Trias) / Yates et al 2012
Cestodes eggs / "Shark" / Rio do Rasto formation, Brazil (Mid-Permian) / Dentzien-Dias et al 2013
Nematodeseggs (Ascarid, oxyurid worms) / Cynodontia / Cortado site, Brazil (Trias) / Da Silva et al 2014; Hugot et al 2014
Putative bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, “protists”, invertebrate eggs, arthropod elements, undigested bone and tooth fragments, fish scales and elongated hair-like structures / Therapsida,
Archosauromorpha? / Vyazniki site, Russia, (Upper Permian) / Bajdeck et al 2015

AppendixExamples of studied displayingthe diversity of the organic components reported in vertebrate pre-Pleistocenecoprolites

SUPPLEMENTAL REFERENCES

  1. Bajdek P, Qvarnström M, Owocki K, Sulej T, Sennikov AG, Golubev VK, Niedźwiedzki , (2015 Microbiota and food residues including possible evidence of pre‐mammalian hair in Upper Permian coprolites from Russia. Lethaia, in press.
  2. Bertrand CE (1903) Les coprolithes de Bernissart. Mémoires du Musée royal d’Histoire naturelle de Belgique 1: 1-54.
  3. Bradley CE (1946) Coprolites from the bridger formation of Wyoming: their composition and microorganisms. Am J Sc 244: 215-239.
  4. Chin K, Eberth DA, Schweitzer MH, Rando TA, Sloboda WJ, Horner JH (2003) Remarkable preservation of undigested muscle tissue within a Late Cretaceous tyrannosaurid coprolite from Alberta, Canada. Palaios 18: 286-294.
  5. Da Silva P, BorbaVH, Dutra JMF, Leles D, Da Rosa AAS, Ferreira LF, Araujo A (2014) Anew ascarid species in cynodont coprolite of 240 million years. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 86: 265-269.
  6. Dentzien-Dias PC, Poinar GJr, De Figueiredo AEQ, Pacheco ACL, Horn BLD, Schultz CL (2013) Tapeworms eggs in a 270 million-year-old shark coprolite. PloS One 8: 1-4.
  7. Everhart MJ (2007) Remains of a pycnodont fish (Actinoopterygii: Pycnodontiformes) in a coprolite; an uppermost record of Micropycnodonkansasensis in the Smoky Hill Chalk, western Kansas. Trans KansAcadSci 110: 35-43.
  8. Hugot JP, Gardner SL, Borba V, Araujo P, Leles D, Da-Rosa AAS, Dutra J, Ferreira LF, Araujo A (2014) Discovery of a 240 million year old nematode parasite egg in a cynodont coprolite sheds light on the early origin of nematode parasites in vertebrates. Paras Vect 7(1): 1-8.
  9. Poinar G Jr, Boucot AJ (2006) Evidence of intestinal parasites of dinosaurs. Parasitologu 133: 245-249.
  10. Sharma N, Kar RK, Agarwal A, Kar R (2005) Fungi in dinosaurian (Isisaurus) coprolites from the Lameta Formation (Maastrichtian) and its reflection on food habit and environment. Micropaleontology 51: 73-82.
  11. Smith RMH, Botha-Brink, J (2011) Morphology and composition of bone-bearing coprolites from the Late Permian Beaufort Group, Karoo Basin, South Africa. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 312: 40-53.
  12. Yates AM, Neumann FH, Hancox PJ (2012) The earliest post-paleozoic freshwater bivalves preserved in coprolites from the Karoo basin, South Africa. Plos One 7: 1-9.

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