APPENDIX A: Search Strategy
MEDLINE
1. Adolescent/
2. schools/ or students/
3. exp Puberty/
4. (adol* or teen* or juvenile* or youth* or student*).tw.
5. pubert*.tw.
6. 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5
7. Adolescent Psychology/ or Adolescent Psychiatry/
8. behav*.tw.
9. adolescent behaviour/ or Behaviour/ or behavioural symptoms/ or affective symptoms/ or aggression/ or agonistic behaviour/ or bullying/ or depression/ or self-injurious behaviour/ or self mutilation/ or stress, psychological/ or drinking behaviour/ or alcohol drinking/ or drug-seeking behaviour/ or impulsive behaviour/ or risk reduction behaviour/ or risk-taking/ or social behaviour/ or Risk-Taking/ or Accidents/ or accidents, home/ or accidents, traffic/ or Dangerous Behaviour/ or impulsive behaviour/ or compulsive behaviour/ or behaviour, addictive/
10. (Social* adj3 (behav* or conform* or adjustment or dominan*)).tw.
11. (Behav* adj3 (competitive or cooperative)).tw.
12. (Risk adj3 (taking or behav*)).tw.
13. (impulsiv* or dangerous* or dangerous behav* or hazardous or delinqu* or antisocial behav* or conduct disorder* or oppositional defian*).tw.
14. exp Substance-Related Disorders/
15. (drug taking or drug abuse or smok* or tobacco or alcohol or addiction* or substance abuse or drug dependenc*).tw.
16. (accident* or crash* or traffic accident*).tw.
17. exp Self Concept/
18. Body Image/ or personal autonomy/
19. (Self adj3 (concept* or image* or esteem or perception*)).tw.
20. exp aggression/ or bullying/
21. Violence/ or Juvenile Delinquency/ or Student Dropouts/ or Social Behaviour Disorders/
22. (aggress* or violen* or bully* or bullies).tw.
23. mental disorders diagnosed in childhood/ or "attention deficit and disruptive behaviour disorders"/ or child behaviour disorders/ or "feeding and eating disorders of childhood"/ or Antisocial Personality Disorder/ or Conduct Disorder/
24. social behaviour/ or aggression/ or competitive behaviour/ or cooperative behaviour/ or helping behaviour/ or shyness/ or social dominance/ or social identification/ or social isolation/ or social stigma/
25. exp Self-injurious behaviour/
26. exp Suicide/
27. emotions/ or affect/ or irritable mood/ or anger/ or rage/ or anxiety/ or apathy/ or boredom/ or happiness/ or hate/ or hostility/
28. (emotion* or mood* or bored* or hostil* or apath* or frustrat*).tw.
29. exp mood disorders/
30. mental disorders/ or Depression/ or anxiety disorders/ or eating disorders/ or mood disorders/ or sleep disorders/ or substance-related disorders/
31. (depress* or suicid* or parasuicid* or self harm* or self injur* or self destruct* or self mutilat*).tw.
32. (anxiet* or nervous* or anxious).tw.
33. motivation/ or achievement/ or "conflict (psychology)"/ or drive/ or goals/ or "power (psychology)"/
34. (motivat* or ambition*).tw.
35. exp Sleep Disorders/
36. sleep/ or sleep disorders/ or dyssomnias/ or sleep deprivation/ or sleep disorders, circadian rhythm/ or sleep disorders, intrinsic/
37. (sleep* or insomnia or sleep disorder or late waking).tw.
38. or/7-37
39. exp Estrogens/
40. exp Oestradiol/
41. (estrogen or oestradiol or ?oestradiol or ?estrogen*).mp.
42. 39 or 40 or 41
43. 6 and 38 and 42
65. limit 64 to humans
APPENDIX B: Table of Excluded Studies
Author / Year / Reason for ExclusionAttie et al. [1] / 1989 / No oestradiol measurement
Avgoustinaki et al. [2] / 2012 / Subjects outside of age range; no methodology for hormone measurement provided
Baker et al. [3] / 2007 / Oestradiol was combined with other markers of pubertal development meaning no analysis of oestradiol’s effects in isolation were given
Balada et al. [4] / 1993 / Outside age range
Barrack et al. [5] / 2010 / Subjects were a small number of elite runners and thus not a representative community sample
Benjet et al. [6] / 2001 / No oestradiol measurement
Benjet et al. [7] / 2002 / No oestradiol measurement
Blyth et al. [8] / 1985 / No oestradiol measurement
Boettinger et al. [9] / 2010 / Outside age range
Brambilla et al. [10] / 2001 / Outside age range
Brooker et al. [11] / 2012 / No oestradiol measurement
Bruinsma et al. [12] / 2006 / No oestradiol measurement
Chandrashekhar et al. [13] / 2001 / No oestradiol measurement
Colzato et al. [14] / 2012 / Outside age range; assessed cognitive, not behavioural outcomes
Cotrufo et al. [15] / 2000 / Outside age range
Culbert et al. [16] / 2011 / Review article
Daitzman et al. [17] / 1980 / Male only
de Water et al. [18] / 2013 / Females on oral contraceptive pill included (continuous contraception e.g. Mirena excluded)
DeBruine et al. [19] / 2005 / No oestradiol measurement
Deng et al. [20] / 2011 / Outside age range; looking at menstrual cycle changes
DeRose et al. [21] / 2011 / No oestradiol measurement
Dick et al. [22] / 2001 / No oestradiol measurement
Dorgan et al. [23] / 2003 / Oestradiol was a dependent variable
Drapela et al. [24] / 2006 / No oestradiol measurement
Dubas et al. [25] / 1991 / No oestradiol measurement
Duncan et al. [26] / 1985 / No oestradiol measurement
Durante et al. [27] / 2009 / Assertive mating is not a relevant behaviour
Edelstein et al. [28] / 2012 / Oestradiol was a dependent variable
Edelstein et al. [29] / 2010 / One third of females on oral contraceptive pill; behaviour is sexual
Edwards et al. [30] / 2011 / No oestradiol measurement
Ehrhardt et al. [31] / 1981 / No oestradiol measurement
Finkelstein et al. [32] / 1997 / Exogenous oestradiol used
Fujisawa et al. [33] / 2012 / Outcome of interest, loneliness, was not considered a behaviour or mood
Ge et al. [34] / 2002 / No oestradiol measurement
Ge et al. [35] / 2001 / No oestradiol measurement
Ge et al. [36] / 2001 / No oestradiol measurement
Gearing et al. [37] / 2009 / No oestradiol measurement
Goddings et al. [38] / 2012 / Neuroimaging study without validated behavioural or affective measure
Hayward et al. [39] / 2002 / No oestradiol measurement
Inoff-Germain et al. [40] / 1988 / Subjective assessment of behaviour
Joinson et al. [41] / 2012 / No oestradiol measurement
Klump et al. [42] / 2006 / Outside age range
Klump et al. [43] / 2008 / Outside age range
Lazaro et al. [44] / 1996 / Eating disorder cohort with no controls (oestradiol is affected by malnutrition)
Llewellyn et al. [45] / 2012 / No oestradiol measurement
Mendle et al. [46] / 2012 / No oestradiol measurement
Pahlen et al. [47] / 2005 / Review
Paikoff et al. [48] / 1991 / Oestradiol and behaviour not contemporaneous
Pajer et al. [49] / 2006 / Some subjects on oral contraceptive pill
Reynolds et al. [50] / 2011 / No oestradiol measurement
Reynolds et al. [51] / 2012 / No oestradiol measurement
Riecher-Rössler et al. [52] / 1994 / Outside age range
Schelleman-Offermans et al. [53] / 2011 / No oestradiol measurement
Schiefelbein et al. [54] / 2005 / No oestradiol measurement
Schiller et al. [55] / 2012 / Outside age range
Schwartz et al. [56] / 2012 / Outside age range
Smiarowska et al. [57] / 2002 / No control group
Soldin et al. [58] / 2011 / Outside age range
Susman et al. [59] / 1996 / Oestradiol was a dependent variable
Swarr et al. [60] / 1996 / No oestradiol measurement
Vermeersch et al. [61] / 2008 / Male only
1. Attie I, Brooks-Gunn J (1989) Development of Eating Problems in Adolescent Girls: A Longitudinal Study. Developmental Psychology 25:70-79
2. Avgoustinaki PD, Mitsopoulou E, Chlouverakis G, Triantafillou T, Venihaki M, Koukouli S, Margioris AN (2012) Sex steroids and personality traits in the middle luteal phase of healthy normally menstruating young professional women. Hormones 11:333-343
3. Baker BL, Birch LL, Trost SG, Davison KK (2007) Advanced pubertal status at age 11 and lower physical activity in adolescent girls. The Journal of pediatrics 151:488-493
4. Balada F, Torrubia R, Arque JM (1993) Gonadal hormone correlates of sensation seeking and anxiety in healthy human females. Neuropsychobiology 27:91-96
5. Barrack MT, Van Loan MD, Rauh MJ, Nichols JF (2010) Physiologic and behavioral indicators of energy deficiency in female adolescent runners with elevated bone turnover. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 92:652-659
6. Benjet C, Hernandez-Guzman L (2001) Gender Differences in Psychological Well-being of Mexican Early Adolescents. Adolescence 36:47-65
7. Benjet C, Hernandez-Guzman L (2002) A Short-Term Longitudinal Study of Pubertal Change, Gender, and Psychological Well-Being of Mexican Early Adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 31:429-442
8. Blyth DA, et al. (1985) Satisfaction with Body Image for Early Adolescent Females: The Impact of Pubertal Timing within Different School Environments. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 14:207-225
9. Boettiger CA, Smith CT (2010) Immediate reward bias in humans: Effects of alcohol use, dopamine, hormones, age, and gender. Clinical and Translational Science 3 (2):S35
10. Brambilla F, Bellodi L, Arancio C, Limonta D, Ferrari E, Solerte B (2001) Neurotransmitter and hormonal background of hostility in anorexia nervosa. Neuropsychobiology 43:225-232
11. Brooker RJ, Berenbaum SA, Bricker J, Corley RP, Wadsworth SA (2012) Pubertal Timing as a Potential Mediator of Adoption Effects on Problem Behaviors. Journal of Research on Adolescence 22:739-745
12. Bruinsma FJ, Venn AJ, Patton GC, Rayner JA, Pyett P, Werther G, Jones P, Lumley JM (2006) Concern about tall stature during adolescence and depression in later life. Journal of Affective Disorders 91:145-152
13. Chandrashekhar TN (2001) A study of incidence of suicide during different phases of menstrual cycle. International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Legal Medicine 3:30-32
14. Colzato LS, Pratt J, Hommel B (2012) Estrogen modulates inhibition of return in healthy human females. Neuropsychologia 50:98-103
15. Cotrufo P, Monteleone P, d'Istria M, Fuschino A, Serino I, Maj M (2000) Aggressive behavioral characteristics and endogenous hormones in women with Bulimia nervosa. Neuropsychobiology 42:58-61
16. Culbert KM, Racine SE, Klump KL (2011) The influence of gender and puberty on the heritability of disordered eating symptoms. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences 6:177-185
17. Daitzman R, Zuckerman M (1980) Disinhibitory sensation seeking, personality and gonadal hormones. Personality and Individual Differences 1:103-110
18. de Water E, Braams BR, Crone EA, Peper JS (2013) Pubertal maturation and sex steroids are related to alcohol use in adolescents. Horm Behav 63:392-397
19. DeBruine LM, Jones BC, Perrett DI (2005) Women's attractiveness judgments of self-resembling faces change across the menstrual cycle. Hormones & Behavior 47:379-383
20. Deng YY, Xiong CL, Lai YT, Li FY, Li L, Sun YM, Liu CH (2011) Emotional change in female college students during menstrual cycle and its relationship with hormonal level. Academic Journal of Second Military Medical University 32:884-888
21. DeRose LM, Shiyko MP, Foster H, Brooks-Gunn J (1329) Associations between Menarcheal Timing and Behavioral Developmental Trajectories for Girls from Age 6 to Age 15. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 40:1329-1342
22. Dick DM, Rose RJ, Pulkkinen L, Kaprio J (2001) Measuring Puberty and Understanding Its Impact: A Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Twins. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 30:385-399
23. Dorgan JF, Hunsberger SA, McMahon RP, Kwiterovich PO, Jr., Lauer RM, Van Horn L, Lasser NL, Stevens VJ, Friedman LA, Yanovski JA, Greenhut SF, Chandler DW, Franklin FA, Barton BA, Buckman DW, Snetselaar LG, Patterson BH, Schatzkin A, Taylor PR (2003) Diet and sex hormones in girls: findings from a randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 95:132-141
24. Drapela LA, Gebelt JL, McRee N (2006) Pubertal Development, Choice of Friends, and Smoking Initiation among Adolescent Males. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 35:715-725
25. Dubas JS, et al. (1991) The Effects of Pubertal Development on Achievement during Adolescence. American Journal of Education 99:444-460
26. Duncan PD, et al. (1985) The Effects of Pubertal Timing on Body Image, School Behavior, and Deviance. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 14:227-235
27. Durante KM, Li NP (2009) Oestradiol level and opportunistic mating in women. Biology Letters 5:179-182
28. Edelstein RS, Kean EL, Chopik WJ (2012) Women with an avoidant attachment style show attenuated estradiol responses to emotionally intimate stimuli. Hormones & Behavior 61:167-175
29. Edelstein RS, Stanton SJ, Henderson MM, Sanders MR (2010) Endogenous estradiol levels are associated with attachment avoidance and implicit intimacy motivation. Hormones & Behavior 57:230-236
30. Edwards AC, Rose RJ, Kaprio J, Dick DM (2011) Pubertal Development Moderates the Importance of Environmental Influences on Depressive Symptoms in Adolescent Girls and Boys. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 40:1383-1393
31. Ehrhardt AA, Ince SE, Meyer-Bahlburg HFL (1981) Career aspiration and gender role development in young girls. Archives of Sexual Behavior 10:281-299
32. Finkelstein JW, Susman EJ, Chinchilli VM, Kunselman SJ, D'Arcangelo MR, Schwab J, Demers LM, Liben LS, Lookingbill G, Kulin HE (1997) Estrogen or testosterone increases self-reported aggressive behaviors in hypogonadal adolescents. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 82:2433-2438
33. Fujisawa TX, Nishitani S, Obara T, Shinohara K (2012) Loneliness depends on salivary estradiol levels in adolescent females. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 33:525-529
34. Ge X, Brody GH, Conger RD, Simons RL, Murry VM (2002) Contextual Amplification of Pubertal Transition Effects on Deviant Peer Affiliation and Externalizing Behavior among African American Children. Developmental Psychology 38:42-54
35. Ge X, Conger RD, Elder GH, Jr. (2001) Pubertal Transition, Stressful Life Events, and the Emergence of Gender Differences in Adolescent Depressive Symptoms. Developmental Psychology 37:404-417
36. Ge X, Conger RD, Elder GH, Jr. (2001) The Relation between Puberty and Psychological Distress in Adolescent Boys. Journal of Research on Adolescence 11:49-70
37. Gearing R, Mian I (2009) The role of gender in early and very early onset of psychotic disorders. Clinical Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses 2:298-306
38. Goddings AL, Burnett Heyes S, Bird G, Viner RM, Blakemore SJ (2012) The relationship between puberty and social emotion processing. Developmental science 15:801-811
39. Hayward C, Sanborn K (2002) Puberty and the emergence of gender differences in psychopathology. The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine 30:49-58
40. Inoff-Germain G, Arnold GS, Nottelmann ED, Susman EJ, Cutler GB, Jr., Chrousos GP (1988) Relations between hormone levels and observational measures of aggressive behavior of young adolescents in family interactions. Developmental Psychology 24:129-139
41. Joinson C, Heron J, Araya R, Paus T, Croudace T, Rubin C, Marcus M, Lewis G (2012) Association between pubertal development and depressive symptoms in girls from a UK cohort. Psychol Med 42:2579-2589