APES Review Packet 2

APES Review Packet 2

APES Review Packet 2

Using an AP Environmental Science review Book or your text book, complete the following:

Take notes on chapters 6-10 of Miller. The following is a partial list of ideas and concepts that should be included:

Climate/Terrestrial/Aquatic Biodiversity

Chapters 6-7

  • Weather
  • Climate
  • Ocean Currents
  • El Nino/La Nina
  • Biodiversity in terrestrial biomes
  • Biodiversity in aquatic biomes (saltwater and freshwater systems)

Ch 8: Community Structure & Species Diversity

  • Community Ecology: Spp diversity / niche structure, Island biogeography relation to nature reserves
  • Types of spp: native, non native (exotic, invasive, pest), indicator, keystone, foundation
  • Spp. Interactions: competition (intra / inter specific), predator prey cycles, parasitism, mutualism, commensalism, amensalism
  • Succession: Primary / secondary, pioneer, mid, late climax communities, spp. composition affected by facilitation, inhibition, tolerance
  • Ecological Stability: related to complexity & biodiversity, dynamic equilibrium

Ch 9: Population Dynamics & Carrying Capacity

  • Pop distribution (clumping, uniform, random)
  • Determining pop size: equation, biotic potential (r = intrinsic rate of increase, K = carrying capacity)
  • Growth curves: exponential, logistic, overshoot & recovery (crash, time lag, MVP)
  • Density dependant vs density independent population controls
  • Population fluctuations: stable, irruptive, cyclic, irregular
  • Reproductive patterns: r vs K selected, survivorship curves, life tables
  • Genetic variation w/ population size: bottleneck, founder effect, genetic drift, inbreeding, metapopulations (& corridors)
  • Human impacts: destruction / fragmentation of habitat, imports (ornamentals / invasive exotics), overharvesting, overgrazing, hunting, Ecological restoration

Ch 10: Applying Population Ecology: The Human Population

  • Crude birth & death rates for various countries (MDC’s vs LDC’s)
  • Calculations: population change, annual rate of natural pop change %, rule of 70
  • Fertility: replacement level, TFR, compare LDC’S & MDC’S, how is USA odd? Baby boom, empowerment of women & fertility rates, birth control & family planning
  • Death Rates: Life expectancy, Infant mortality
  • Immigration & demographics of a nation
  • Age Structure Diagrams: See pg 184 -185. Be able to read & interpret each type.
  • Population Decline: Good or bad?
  • How are IndiaChina managing their population issues?

Multiple Choice Questions

Fill in the blank with the correct plate boundary: *answers can be used more than once or not at all

  1. Convergent
  2. Subvergent
  3. Transform Fault
  4. Divergent
  5. Transvergent

1. If you were at plate boundary where mountains were created, you would be at a ____ boundary.

  1. If you were at plate boundary where plates moved apart, you would be at a ____ boundary.
  1. If you were at plate boundary where plates slide past each other, you would be at a ____ boundary.
  1. If you were at a plate boundary that formed due to magma upwelling, you would be at a ____ boundary.
  2. If you were at a plate boundary with a deep ocean trench and lots of volcanoes, you would be at a ____ boundary.
  3. An example of physical weathering is…
  4. A piece of metal rusting outside
  5. Acidic water reacting on rock
  6. A tree root breaking apart a rock
  7. The orange crust commonly seen on rocks in North Carolina.
  1. The movement of one plate under another will most likely result in which of the following?
  2. mantle plumes
  3. transform fault earthquakes

c.mid-ocean ridges

  1. volcanoes

The next 4 questions refer to the graph below, which shows different phases related to the birth and death rates for a typical human population over time.

The next 4 questions refer to the graph below, which shows different phases related to the birth and death rates for a typical human population over time.

  1. .Zero population growth is associated with

a.Phase I only

b.Phase II only

c.Phase III only

d.Phase IV only

e.Phases I and IV

f.Phases II and III

  1. After rising from near-zero growth, the rate of population growth starts to slow down at which point?

a.The end of phase I

b.The beginning of phase II

c.The middle of phase II

d.The middle of phase III

e.The end of phase III

f.The middle of phase IV

  1. Which of the following is most likely the primary cause of high death rates in phase I?

a.Loss of breeding-age males due to warfare

b.Loss of breeding-age females due to disease

c.Large percentage of elderly individuals in the population

d.Infant and childhood mortality

e.General starvation due to a year of famine

  1. What is the approximate natural rate of increase (R) for the population at Time A?

a.40

b.40%

c.4.0%

d.400%

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  1. Compared with people in developing countries, people in industrialized countries are more likely to eat:

a.Beans

b.Beef

c.Corn

d.Rice

e.Wheat

  1. The current world population is closest to which of the following?

a.1 million

b.500 million

c.1 billion

d.5 billion

e.10 billion

14..In a human population undergoing demographic transition, which of the following generally decreases first?

a.Birth rate

b.Death rate

c.Average family size

d.Life expectancy

e.Level of education

Match the nation to the descriptions provided. Answers can be used more than once or not at all.

  1. Japan
  2. United States
  3. Kenya
  4. India
  1. Current population growth issue in northern states of this nation relate to the lack of empowerment of women.
  2. Only country listed with a declining population.
  3. Faces a significant loss of reproductive population due to HIV/AIDS.
  4. Even though fertility is slightly below replacement level, this nation’s population keeps growing due to

immigration.

  1. Nation with the largest ecological footprint per capita.
  2. A growing elderly population, the high cost of childrearing, and a strong cultural desire for ethnic purity (i.e. no

immigration) are challenges facing this nation.

For questions 21-25 match the descriptions provided to the given relationships between organisms.

  1. Commensalism
  2. Mutualism
  3. Predation
  4. Amensalism
  5. Parasitism
  6. Competition
  1. Ticks feeding on a deer.

  1. Starlings displacing bluebirds from nesting sites.
  2. Herds of antelope trampling down grasses.
  3. Bees consuming nectar and carrying pollen from one flower to another.

25. Moss growing on a tree trunk in a forest.

For questions 26-32 use the following possible answers:

  1. R-selected species
  2. K-selected species
  1. .First colonist to show up during primary succession.
  2. .More likely to show parental care of young.
  3. Best suited to a frequently disturbed ecosystem.
  4. This type of species would make a better indicator species for small environmental changes.
  5. On the basis a parental care, a kangaroo would be classified as this type of species.
  6. A dandelion would be an example of this type of species.
  7. More likely to be a specialist.

For questions 33-37, match the following succession terms and classifications to the descriptions provided:

  1. Facilitation
  2. Inhibition
  3. Tolerance
  4. Primary Succession
  5. Secondary Succession
  1. Decaying remnants of horseweed roots reduce the growth rate of newly-colonized aster flowers.
  2. This type of succession would occur when a submerged volcano reaches the ocean surface, creating a new island.
  3. This type of succession occurs when an agricultural field is left uncultivated.
  4. Pine litter protects acorns from drying out.
  5. This type of succession starts with an ecosystem that does not have any soils remaining after the disturbance.

38.If a population grows at an annual growth rate of 7%, what is the doubling time in years?

a.1000 years

b.490 years

c.70 years

d.10 years

e.7 years

Short Answer:

A population of 100 endangered flying squirrels has a 10 –year growth rate of 5.0%. How many years until there are 400 squirrels?