AP U.S. HistoryChapter 19 Summary: From Crisis to Empire

  1. The Politics of Equilibrium

a.Federal jobs

i.Huge increase in number

ii.Awarded to party loyalists

b.______

c.Pendleton Act

i.Set guidelines for appointments

ii.Public service improved

d.Republican party splits

i.Mugwumps

  1. Supported Democrat Cleveland
  2. Disliked ______in Republican party

ii.Stalwarts

  1. Favored spoils system
  2. Chester Arthur

iii.Half-Breeds

  1. Favored merit system
  2. James ______
  1. Farmers and Workers

a.Farmers organize to oppose wealthy

b.Patrons of Husbandry ______

i.Mysterious rituals

ii.Blamed ______

iii.Created cooperative enterprises

c.Farmers’ Alliance

i.Took political stands

ii.Advocated free ______

d.Farmers’ Alliance forms People’s Party

i.Platform included ______income tax, eight-hour workday, and immigration restrictions

ii.Were known as Populists

e.Free Silver

i.Unlimited coinage of silver

ii.______economy

  1. William Jennings Bryan

a.Very eloquent speaker

b.______; embraces free silver

c.Ignored Populist nomination

d.First candidate to “stump” for himself in a ______campaign

e.Carried the South and the agrarian west in the Election of 1896

  1. Stirrings of Imperialism

a.Americans follow European lead

i.Wanted to become a world power

ii.Economic competition

iii.______(Anglo-Saxonism)

b.James ______

i.Wanted to expand influence in Latin America

ii.Conference encourages ______

iii.Customs union and system for settling disputes rejected

c.U.S. asserts power in foreign affairs with a dispute between Venezuela and Great Britain

d.Alfred ______argues for a modern navy

  1. Building Support for Imperialism

a.America eyes ______

i.Seen as a good Pacific base

ii.Severe depression hurts Hawaii; America intervenes

iii.Queen ______overthrown

iv.U.S. annexes Hawaii

  1. The Spanish-American War

a.Americans call for war against Spain

i.U.S.S. Maine explodes in ______harbor

ii.Yellow Journalism

iii.Aggressive nationalism in Republican party

b.War in Cuba

i.Well-organized ______effort

ii.Army mobilization poorly conducted

  1. Unsanitary conditions in camps
  2. Epidemics kill many

iii.______attack Kettle Hill then San Juan Hill

c.War Against the Philippines

i.Dewey quickly defeats ______warships

ii.Rebel leader Emilio ______

  1. First fights on the side of the Americans
  2. Becomes suspicious and then fights against the Americans
  1. The Spanish-American War Ends

a.Treaty of Paris of ______

i.Ends Spanish-American War

ii.Cuba becomes independent

iii.U.S. acquires Puerto Rico and ______

iv.U.S. pays Spain $20 million for the Philippines

  1. After the Spanish-American War

a.Philippines

i.Aguinaldo attacks Americans

ii.Americans set up ______camps

iii.Taft reforms education, health, transportation, etc.

iv.Americans allow greater ______

b.Platt Amendment

i.Cuban debts had to be low

ii.U.S. could intervene in Cuba to protect it

iii.Cuba had to allow U.S. to buy/lease naval stations

  1. American Diplomacy in Asia

a.Theodore Roosevelt becomes ______after McKinley’s assassination

b.The Open Door Policy

i.Created to allow global trade with China despite spheres of influence

ii.______erupts