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AP European History Ch 13 Reading Study Guide #3P. 438-450
- Which three monarchies dominated Central and Eastern Europe till 19118?
- What was the outcome of the Siege of Vienna in 1683?
- Why was the Polish government so divided?
- Where did the Hapsburgs focus their efforts at political consolidation after the 30 Years War and the peace of Westphalia?
- Which specific territories did the Hapsburgs acquire in the Treaty of Rastatt (1714)?
- In which large territory did they face resistance from the Magyar nobility?
- What were Hapsburg Monarchs Leopold I (r.1657-1705) and Joseph I (r.1705-1711) able to accomplish?
- What problem did Charles VI (r.1711-1740) face?
- What was his solution?
- What was the achievement of the Hohenzollerns of Brandenburg-Prussia? (Look at the Maps on P. 441)
- Why was Frederick William (r.1640-1688) called the “Great Elector”?
- How did Frederick William collect some of his tax revenues in the 1650s?
- Who was the first king of Prussia? (r.1688-1713)
- How did he obtain this title and from whom?
- What group dominated the Prussian Army officer corps?
- What function did the Prussian Army play in the far-flung Hohenzollern domains?
- How did Frederick I & Frederick William I use the army to make Prussia into a more unified state?
Read “The Great Elector Welcomes Protestant Refugees from France”
18. Was it primarily religious or economic concerns which led the elector of Brandenburg to welcome the French Protestants?
19. What privileges did the elector extend to them?
20. In what kind of economic activity does the elector expect the French refugees to engage?
21. Why was Russia not often engaged in European affairs?
22. Who was the founder of the Romanov Dynasty? What were the years of his reign?
23. Though ‘ruled’ by his kingly successors, who held the true power in Russia?
24. When did Peter the Great come to power? How old was he?
25. What were his goals (resembling Louis XIV of France) for the Russian monarchy?
26. When did Peter make his famous tour of Western Europe?
27. How did he ‘tame’ the streltsy?
28. How did Peter tame the boyars?
29. Why did Peter the Great build up the Russian navy?
30. What did the Kingdom of Sweden consolidate after the 30 Years War?
31. What war did Charles XII of Sweden (r. 1697-1718) provoke with Russia?
32. What were the years of this war? How did it turn out for Sweden? For Russia?
33. Where and when did Peter found a new capital city for Russia?
34. Why in that location? How did Peter imitate Louis XIV (& other European kings)?
35. Describe Peter’s troubles with his son Alexsei. What was the outcome?
Read “Peter the Great Tells His Son to Acquire Military Skills”
36. How did Peter use the recent war with Sweden to argue for the necessity of his son to acquire military skills?
37. What concept of leadership does Peter attempt to communicate to his son?
38. Why did Peter see military prowess as the most important ability in a ruler?
39. What was the purpose of Peter’s governmental administrative reforms?
40. How did Peter gain control of the Russian Orthodox Church? Why?
41. Briefly describe the territories ruled by the Ottoman Empire at this point in history.
42. Why was the Ottoman Empire such a “big deal” to European powers at this time?
43. Were the dhimmis in the Ottoman Empire?
44. Who were the Janissaries in the Ottoman Empire?
45. What two major battles against Europeans (both lost by the Ottoman Empire) marked the end of Ottoman encroachment in Europe?
45. Who was the Ottoman Empire’s main quasi-European rival in the Black Sea/Eastern Mediterranean area?
46. Even though the Ottoman Empire had been a powerhouse and viable threat to Europe in the Late Middle Ages, they suffered a long, slow decline in the late 1500s to the 1800s even as Europe was rising to stellar heights of commerce, military and technological prowess. Why do you think this happened?