Answers to Assignment #2

182.______Gravity______is the force behind all erosion.

183.______Running Water______is the primary agent of erosion.

184. Stream velocity depends on ______ gradient ______and ______volume (discharge) ______.

185. The size of the particle transported depends on the stream’s _____ velocity ______.

186. Heavy-dense-round particles settle ______ first ______in water.

187. Graded bedding (vertical sorting) _____ large______sediments are on the bottom.

188. Glacial sediments are ______ unsorted ______, scratched and form ______ “U” ______shaped valleys.

189. Stream deposits are ______ sorted ______, round, and form _____ “V”______shaped valleys.

  1. Weathering- Break down of rocks at the earth’s surface into ______ sediments ____.
  2. Sediments – broke down pieces of rock.
  3. Soil- mixture of weathered rock (sediments) and organic remains that cover bedrock.
  4. Chemical weathering dominates in _____ warm ______and______wet _____ climates.
  5. Physical weathering dominates in _____ cold ____ and ____ wet ______climates. (Good For Frost Wedging)
  6. As the particle size decreases, the rate of weathering will ______ increases______.
  7. When particles are broken into smaller pieces, the surface area _____ increases ______.
  8. Sediments are classified based on their ______ particle size__. (i.e. .02cm particles are sand)
  9. Erosion- _____movement______of sediments
  10. ______ Gravity _____ is the ultimate force behind erosion.
  11. ______ Running Water ______is the primary agent of erosion.
  12. Dissolved mineral are carried in _____ solution______.
  13. Silt/Clay colloids are carried by _____ suspension ______.
  14. Sand/ Pebbles slide and bounce along the bottom.
  15. As the velocity increases, the size of the sediments a stream can transport ______ increases ______.
  16. As the slope/gradient of a stream increases, the size of the sediments a stream can transport _____ increases______.
  17. As the discharge (an amount of water in a stream) increases, velocity will ______ increase ______.
  18. The velocity of a stream is greatest on the ______ outside___ of a meander (bend).
  19. Erosion occurs on the _____ outside______of a meander where velocity is ____ fast ______.
  20. Deposition occurs on the _____ inside ______of a meander where velocity is ______ slow ______.
  21. _____ Large______, ______dense______, ______Round _____, particles are the first to settle out of water as the water slows down. (Sorting Sediments)
  22. Sediments transported by water are _____ round______and _____ smooth______due to abrasion.
  23. Streams erode a _ “V” ____ shaped valley.
  24. Sediments deposited by glaciers are ______ unsorted ______, (all mixed up in size and shape.)
  25. Glaciers erode a __ “U” __ shaped valley.
  26. After a glacier has moved through an area the bedrock is ______ smooth___ and ______polished____ with parallel glacial striations (scratches).
  27. Wind deposits consist of fine grained well sorted particles (sand) particles exhibit a pitted/frosted appearance and cross bedded layers.
  28. Residual soil- developed from the bedrock below it- _____ same ______mineral composition as bedrock below.
  29. Transported soil- transported from another location- _____ different______mineral composition than bedrock below.
  30. ______ Longshore ______drift moves sand along the beach in the direction of the ocean current.
  1. ______ Divergent ______plate boundary – Two plates move apart.
  2. ______ Convergent ______- two plates move toward one another.
  3. Proof of sea floor spreading -1- the age of the ocean floor is ______ younger____ at the mid ocean ridges and gets _____ older____ as you move away in either direction. 2. There is also a matching pattern of earth’s _____ magnetic__ polarity on either side of the ridge.
  4. Inferences about Earth’s interior come from the study of ______ seismic waves ______.
  5. Earthquakes and volcanoes happen in the same spot, near ______ plate boundaries______.
  6. ______ Hot Spots______are not associated with plate boundaries –magma burns through plate = a series of islands (Hawaii).
  7. Continental crust is ______ older______with a density of ______ 2.7 g/cm3 ______and is composed of ____granite ______.
  8. Oceanic crust is ______ younger___, with a density of ___3.0 g/cm3 _____ and is composed of ___basalt____.
  9. When a continental plate collides with an oceanic plate the ______ oceanic______plate subducts because it ______more______dense.
  1. ______ Transform______Boundary – Plates slide past each other (San Andres Fault).
  2. Subduction zones/Trenches are where ______ oceanic crust______is destroyed. (Recycled).
  3. _____ Convection Currents_ in the asthenosphere (mantle) cause the plates to move.
  4. P- Waves travel _____ faster ______than S- waves.
  5. P waves travel through ___ solids______& ______liquids _____, but S- waves through _____ solids ____ only.
  6. We can infer that the outer core is _____ liquid______because __ S__ waves cannot penetrate it.
  7. One seismic station can determine the _____ distance ______to the epicenter.
  8. As the distance from the epicenter increases, the time lag between the P sand the S wave ______ increases______.
  9. You need ______ 3 ______seismic stations to plot an epicenter. (Where three circles meet).