Science 421A

Name:

The Big Bang

AnswerAccording to the Big Bang theory, what existed in the Universe after three minutes?

DisplayLabel the different phases of the early Universe in the graphic below.

As you can see from the graphic on the previous page, the early milestones of the universehappened very quickly. Until the three minute milestone the times are displayed in scientific notation. As you know, scientific notation can be used to show really big or really small numbers. To start investigating the universe, you need to be comfortable using numbers shown in scientific notation.

Calculate

  1. How many seconds are between milestone 1 and milestone 2? Show your number in scientific notation and decimal form.
  1. How many seconds are between milestone 2 and milestone 3? Show your number in scientific notation and decimal form.
  1. Show the time for milestone 5 in scientific notation.
  1. Show the time for milestone 6 in scientific notation.
  1. How many years are between milestone 5 and milestone 6? Show your number in scientific notation and show your work.
  1. On page 2 of the “What is Time?” notes the diagram shows the universe is 13.7 billion years old, while the graphic on the previous page shows the age being 15 billion years old. Which age is more precise and what is the difference between the two values?

Graph Use the following data to graph an illustration of Hubble’s Law. Redshift should be displayed as the dependant variable and Distance as the independent variable.Then analyze the data by determining the mathematical relationship.

Redshift
(Km/s) / Distance (MPc) / Redshift (Km/s) / Distance (MPc) / Redshift (Km/s) / Distance (MPc)
0 / 1 / 900 / 9.5 / 500 / 15
0 / 1 / 1200 / 9.75 / 1900 / 15
0 / 1 / 900 / 11.25 / 1825 / 16
400 / 2 / 1100 / 11.25 / 1100 / 16.25
400 / 3.25 / 1450 / 12 / 1625 / 17
100 / 3.5 / 1200 / 13 / 1575 / 20.5
500 / 4.5 / 1025 / 13.5
750 / 6.5 / 1700 / 14
400 / 7 / 1300 / 14
850 / 8 / 1750 / 14
1100 / 9 / 1825 / 14

CalculateFind the slope of the line in the Hubble expansion graph for two locations on the graph. Show your work and be sure to include your units.

CalculateShow the work for the conversions Professor Cox talks about.

  1. 69 km/s equals ____ mi/s
  1. 1 megaparsec equals ____ parsecs
  1. 1 megaparsec equals _____ kiloparsecs
  1. 30kiloparsecs equals _____ light years

CalculateUse the Hubble constant to determine the age of the Universe in years. Ho = 68 Km/s/MPc.

ExplainHow does an expanding Universe cause scientists to infer that the Universe started out tiny?

The Early Universe

Model and DrawUse a molecular model kit to visualizethe water analogy that Professor Cox uses to explain symmetry.

Figure 1: SymmetryFigure 2: Broken symmetry

The Arrow of Time – The Order of Disorder

ExplainHow did the development of the steam engine technology change society?

ExplainHow did a societal need trigger scientists to investigate heat?

StateWhat is the first Law of Thermodynamics?

StateWhat did Clausius discover about entropy?

Life Cycle of the Universe – Watch Intro only

A Very Precious Time

Reflect “Life is the means by which the Universe can understand itself, and it’s only for an instant… Our significance lies in our continuing desire to understand and explore this beautiful Universe.” – Brian Cox