ANSWER: Moses Mendelssohn Or Moses Dessau
Round 9
Tossups
1. He engaged in a passionate dispute with J.C. Lavater over correct religious belief, and his final work was an assent with Leibniz entitled Morning Hours. His quarrels with rationalism are exemplified by his 1755 Letters on Feeling, and he borrowed a title from Plato to denounce materialism in Phaedo, or on the Immortality of the Soul.His disciples created The Collector, a periodical which advocated for the Haskala, and this man was personally exempted by Frederick the Great from the anti-Jewish laws FTP, name this advocate of Jewish assimilation who translated the Torah into German and had a musical grandson.
ANSWER: Moses Mendelssohn [or Moses Dessau]
2. He was installed as ruler thanks to the efforts of the generals Forey and Miramon, and one of his first acts was to brush off the Papal nuncio Meglia's demand to reverse the sale of Church lands. His wife outlived him by sixty years, spending all of them insane, after being dispatched to rally support for his regime in France and Italy. That wife was the daughter of Leopold I of Belgium, Carlota, who could not prevent his defeat at the Battle of Querétaro and execution at the order of Beninto Juárez. FTP, name this brother of Franz Joseph of Austria who attempted to become emperor of Mexico at the urging of Napoleon III.
ANSWER: Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph
3. Buildup of cholesterol in this organ leads to it being given the epithet “strawberry”, and a disease that describes it as “porcelain” results from its calcification. This organ is lined by the ducts of Luschka, and it connects to the vena cava via Cantle’s line. It receives blood from the cystic artery, and this organ contracts and releases its contents into the Ampulla of Vater in response to CCK secretion by the duodenum. Most cases of inflammation in this organ are the result of gallstones. FTP, name this small pouch that is located right next to the liver that is responsible for storing bile.
ANSWER: Gallbladder
4. In one of his plays, Likhas is killed unjustly and Hyllos is ordered to marry his father's crush. In another, the title character is located by the discovery of a bed of leaves, a wooden bowl, and linen. He also wrote about Tecmessa's unsuccesful attempts to stop a man from killing himself after he massacres his camp's sheep, and about a struggle to convince an exiled king to die in certain places. Haemon sees the title character of one of his plays after she hangs herself, and another of his title characters blinds himself after learning that Jocasta is his mother. FTP, name this author of Ajax, Antigone, and Oedipus Tyrannus.
ANSWER: Sophocles
5. Guyot Marchand's woodcuts record the now-lost depiction of this scene in Paris's Church of the Holy Innocents. A version in Tallinn of a painting depicting this event is now the only original left by Bernt Notke, whose more famous work in Lübeck was destroyed in World War II. Hans Lützelburger engraved a forty-one-scene series of drawings done by Hans Holbein the Younger on this theme, and nearly all the supporting characters engage in one during the last scene of Bergman's The Seventh Seal. FTP, identify this popular medieval art motif involving a skeletal figure leading a chain of humans into the next world.
ANSWER: the Dance of Death [or Danse Macabre]
6. The Yellowstone landmark Pompey's Pillar is named after a nickname of this woman's son, Jean Baptiste, who was born in the midst of her most prominent historical role. She was once bought at Knife River by the bigamous fur-trader Toussaint Charbonneau, and later negotiated for the purchase of horses from her brother Cameahwait, requested a side trip to look at a beached whale, and recommended the BozemanPass as the best eastward route through Montana. FTP, name this Shoshone interpreter who joined the westward trip of Lewis and Clark.
ANSWER: Sacajawea
7. He coined the term for a simultaneous fall in per-capita wealth and rise in population, "involution," and attempted a study of the influence of cultural differences on universal religion, Islam Observed. He laid out his manifesto for deprioritizing biological explanations in the memoir After the Fact and analyzed a bloodsport in Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight. FTP, name this advocate of culture as a cluster of available symbols, an anthropologist who wrote The Religions of Java and The Interpretation of Cultures.
ANSWER: Clifford James Geertz
8. The two strongest spectroscopic lines attributed to the unknown element nebulium were later found to correspond to forbidden magnetic dipole radiation from ions of this element. Weiszacker and Bethe hypothesized that nuclei of this element act as the third and final catalyst in a reaction sequence that is an alternative to the proton-proton chain for fusing hydrogen. Four ions of this element surround a silicon ion in the common mineral-forming silicate tetrahedron. FTP name this element whose diatomic form is the second-most abundant atmospheric component on Earth and whose triatomic form helps block UV rays.
ANSWER: oxygen
9. In two scenes cut from the movie where this phrase was coined, it is uttered in response to a horrible skit about "Topless Pizza," and the character who says it is arrested for statutory rape. Heard twice from a television that is knocked over during the violent robbery of a convenience store, it is the catchphrase of the showIt's Not My Problem, starring Bixby Snyder. It is also heard on a TV just before Dick Jones decides to have Bob Morton killed by Clarence Boddicker. FTP, give this exclamation, from a vapid TV program about a large-mustachioed man surrounded by models, that is omnipresent in Paul Verhoeven's Robocop.
ANSWER: "I'd buy that for a dollar!"
10. Its last section takes place on an island where civil servants boat on Sundays, while its first scene of action sees the protagonist take refuge in front of the Ministry of War. It opens with a prelude in which a man promises to build his new city, then flashes to a hundred years later, when the protagonist dreams of being buried by his grandchildren. That man cliimbs atop some stone lions and frets over Parasha during a flood, and Yevgeny ultimately flees through the streets of St. Petersburg after cursing a statue. FTP, name this Alexander Pushkin poem in which an equestrian monument to Peter the Great seems to come to life.
ANSWER: The Bronze Horseman [or Medniy vsadnik]
11. An Alain Robbe-Grillet book which includes a man faking lameness to avoid the draft and a soldier identified by the "12345" on his uniform is titled "in" this place, while a Christopher Okigbo poetry collection is entitled this "with path of thunder." The title places a character in one of these in a book about a journey down the MagdalenaRiver and a remiscence about Manuela, while another book with one in the title blames the rigidity of time for the "orphaned" status of Mexico. FTP, name this structure in which "the general" may be found in a Garcia Marquez book, and which Octavio Paz described as "of solitude."
ANSWER: labyrinth [accept In the Labyrinth or Dans le labyrinthe before "path of thunder" is read]
12. Its regions include the 71-acre Westpark and the university district, the Maxvorstadt. This city is home to NymphenburgCastle, the Cuvilliés Theatre, and the Old Court of the Wittelsbach. Found on the IsarRiver, it is centered on Marienplatz. At this city's Therese's Green in 1810, a horse race celebrating the marriage of Louis I became the ancestor of a modern festival in which 1.4 million annual gallons of beer are dispensed, Oktoberfest. FTP, name this capital of Bavaria and most populous city, outside of Berlin and Hamburg, in Germany.
ANSWER: Munich [or München]
13. His historical writings include the essay "Democracy in Europe" and the lecture "The History of Freedom in Antiquity." He joined his teacher, Dollinger, in a failed effort at recruiting bishops to the anti-infallibility side at the First Vatican Council, and he succeeded Cardinal Newman as editor of The Rambler but was forced out forr his secular view of history, which he later used to organize the first edition of the Cambridge Modern History. FTP, name this British political theorist who formulated a Catholic-based form of liberalism and coined the maxim “Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.”
ANSWER: John Emerich Edward Dalberg (Lord) Acton, 1st Baron Acton
14. The TRIUMF (read: triumph) laboratory in Canada has explored a way of treating cancer by bombardment with these particles, and Cecil Powel received a Nobel Prize in Physics for developing the technology that led to its discovery. A pseudoscalar like all the other particles of its type, its neutral version decays by the Dalitz decay into an electron-positron pair, and can also decay into two photons. Although a second decay branch allows their charged varieties to decay into electrons and neutrinos, they decay primarily into muons and their associated neutrinos. With a mass of about 140 MeV and consisting combinations of up and down quarks and their antiquarks, FTP, identify this lightest meson, predicted by Yukawa as carriers of the strong force.
ANSWER:pions or pi mesons
15. His technical innovations included a 21-note scale and the use of a pizzicato scherzo in his 1893 string quartet, and he explained his views on art via conversations with the fictitious Monsier Croche. After becoming a father, he wrote a ballet called The Box of Toys and the song-cycle Children's Corner, and he also produced a cantata based on Rosetti's "The Blessed Damozel." He may be better known for a passage from his Suite Bergamasque depicting the moonlight, the Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun, and a piece with such sections as "play of the waves." FTP, name this composer of "La Mer" and "Clair de Lune."
ANSWER: Achille Claude Debussy
16. This man submitted an anonymous hit piece to the Modern Review accusing himself of being a condescending autocrat. His sister was the first female president of the UN General Assembly, and his father was a founder of the Self-Rule Party. This man's overtures to the nonaligned movement were discredited when he asked for Western help in a war with China in 1962. His government did overrun Goa and discredit the Punjabi independence movement before he was succeeded by L.B. Shastri. His daughter and grandson, Indira and Rajiv Gandhi, both became prime ministers. FTP, name this first premier of India.
ANSWER: Jawaharlal Nehru
17. A variation of the Ullman condensation named for Goldberg combines aryl ones with aryl halides in the presence of copper. They are the products in the Staudinger reaction, and one reaction that creates primary ones uses potassium thalamide and hydrazone and can be worked up via the Ing-Manske procedure; this is known as the Gabriel synthesis. Putrescine and spermidine have of several of these groups, and another compound containing this functional group is responsible for the smell of fish. FTP, name these organic compounds that contain a carbon single bonded to a nitrogen.
ANSWER: Amines
18. One government of this party attempted to stave off a slump in the coal industry with a tax on silk. Its name was coined by John Wilson Croker shortly before this group issued the Tamworth Manifesto, and 150 years before it split into the "Dries" and the "Wets" over the issue of European integration. The Profumo Affair may have cost it the 1964 election, and this party was once led by Lord Salisbury and Arthur Balfour, who were followed by Stanley Baldwin, Neville Chamberlain, and Winston Churchill. FTP, Benjamin Disraeli and Margaret Thatcher were iconic leaders of what British party that opposed Labour and the Liberals?
ANSWER: Conservative Party [accept Tories]
19. He wrote two operas about a wandering character who goes to the moon and to the fifteenth century. In one of his operas, a forester sings the song "It Used to Be" shortly after an egg-laying chorus is mocked by the title character, whose given name means "Little Sharp Ears." In another of his operas, the Kostelnicka confesses to murder and the title character marries Laca. He also wrote an opera in which Ferdinand and Elina have discovered a recipe for living to the age of 300. FTP, name this composer of Jenufa, The Cunning Little Vixen, and The Makropulos Case.
ANSWER: Leoš Janácek
20. In one of this author's novels, a mine owner leaves his workers "a few miserable years of broken gleanings," and magicians use Iceland spar for cloning. In another of his works, Esther Harvitz has surgery to look less Jewish. In another, a rich man is found to own the postal system called WASTE, and the title event is the auction of a stamp collection. A man tries to find out where V-2 rockets launch in another work, which begins "a screaming comes across the sky." FTP, Scarsdale Vibe, Benny Profane, and Tyrone Slothrop were created by what author of Against the Day, V, The Crying of Lot 49, and Gravity's Rainbow?
ANSWER: Thomas Pynchon
Bonuses
1. Name these psychologists who worked on the theory of memory, for 10 points each.
[10] This pragmatist emphasized the physical link between the nervous system processes of various memories in his Principles of Psychology. He also wrote The Varieties of Religious Experience.
ANSWER: William James [prompt on James]
[10] This author of Eyewitness Testimony and The Myth of Repressed Memory makes a lot of enemies by pointing out that believing in something does not make that thing true.
ANSWER: Elizabeth Loftus
[10] Memory is discussed in Principles of Gestalt Psychology by this guy, who also wrote The Growth of the Mind and joined with Kohler and Wertheimer to get Gestalt going in the first place.
ANSWER: Kurt Koffka
2. An attempt to rehabilitate his career was made in the 1981 essay "A Nazi Sympathizer Defended at Some Cost." For 10 points each:
[10] Name this author of Conversations with Professor Y and Journey to the End of Night, who spent two years in jail after fleeing France for Germany during World War II.
ANSWER: Louis-Ferdinand Céline [or Louis-Ferdinand Destouches]
[10] This suspiciously autobiographical Céline novel includes a cynical doctor named Ferdinand, the Jew-hating Auguste, and Roger Courtial, who kills himself when his potato crop is unimpressive.
ANSWER: Death on the Installment Plan [or Mort a credit]
[10] "A Nazi Sympathizer Defended at Some Cost" appeared in Palm Sunday, a collection of miscellany by this Céline fan who also wrote Slaughterhouse-Five.
ANSWER: Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.
3. Their only AP national championship was in 1957 under Robert Jordan. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this SEC program which also went undefeated in 1993 and 2004, without winning a share of the title in those years.
ANSWER: AuburnUniversity Tigers
[10] Before the 2007 season, this Auburn grad was traded from Buffalo with Kelly Holcomb for Darwin Walker and a draft pick, and now plays linebacker for the Eagles.
ANSWER: Takeo Spikes
[10] This entertaining TNT commentator began his Hall of Fame basketball career at Auburn, then played for the 76ers and won an MVP with Phoenix, where he led the team that lost to the Bulls in the 1993 Finals.
ANSWER: Charles Barkley
4. Its northwest abuts El Salvador, and its northeast is the coast of Honduras. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this Pacific inlet which recives the Goascorán and Estero Real rivers.
ANSWER: Gulf of Fonseca
[10] The port of Amapala is on this Honduran-controlled, animal-named island in the Gulf, located just south of Zacate Grande.
ANSWER: TigerIsland [or Isla del Tigre]
[10] The other country with coastline on the Gulf of Fonseca is this one, which has a big namesake lake in its southwest and borders Costa Rica to the south.
ANSWER: Nicaragua
5. It was originally published as four novels, including Some Do Not and A Man Could Stand Up. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this novel in which the crazy minister Duchemin, the aspiring critic Macmaster, and the mistress Valentine Wannop interact with "the last English Tory," Christopher Tietjens.
ANSWER: Parade's End
[10] Parade's End, along with The Good Soldier and The Fifth Queen Crowned, was written by this guy who changed his name to disguise his German roots.
ANSWER: Ford Maddox Ford [or Ford Maddox Hueffer]
[10] Ford collaborated with Joseph Conrad on Romance and this novel, in which journalist Arthur Granger becomes involved with a woman from the fourth dimension and a scheme to industrialize Greenland.
ANSWER: The Inheritors: An Extravagant Story
6. His "Letter of Justification" tried to find a compromise between Catholic and Lutheran doctrines. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this cardinal, whose Papally commissioned report on lapses in the Church was leaked to Luther.