ANSWER: Islamic Republic of Iran <DM>
PRISON BOWL X
Questions head edited by Luke Tierney, vice head edited by Chloe Levine, and section edited by Luke Tierney, Chloe Levine, Mr. Christopher Chilton, Gilad Avrahami, Sam Brochin, Abishrant Panday, Joshua Kwan, and Daniel Ma. Questions written by Hunter College High School (Luke Tierney, Chloe Levine, Mr. Christopher Chilton, Gilad Avrahami, Sam Brochin, Abishrant Panday, Daniel Ma, David Godovich, Brian Lu, Rachel Yang, Alice Lin, Brian Huang, Jeremy Kim, Cerulean Ozarow, Philip Belin, Pedro Juan Orduz, Ben Chapman, Ada-Marie Gutierrez, and Asher Jaffe).
Round 02
Tossups
1. Abadan and Khorramshahr lie in this country on its extreme southwest border. Nakhichevan and Nagorno-Karabakh both border this non-landlocked country. Asiatic cheetahs are found in this country on a plateau bounded by Khorasan and the Elburz and Zagros mountains. This country contains the southern coast of the (*) Caspian Sea as well as the northern coast of a true sea, the Sea of Oman. The Strait of Hormuz, largely controlled by this country, separates that sea from the Persian Gulf, which is named after this country’s historical name. For 10 points, name this Islamic Republic with capital Tehran.
ANSWER: Islamic Republic of Iran <DM>
2. In one poem by this writer, Oswald Wycliffe holds the title Lord Rokeby prisoner. In one of his novels, Julia is involved with Vanbeest Brown, and Ellangowan is inherited by Harry Bertram. In another novel by this author, Desdichado competes in a tournament attended by Athelstane and (*) Locksley. This author’s Guy Mannering, The Bride of Lammermoor, and Rob Roy are included in his Waverley Novels. Another work by this writer features Cedric of Rotherwood, who is the protector of Lady Rowena, a woman who eventually marries the title knight. For 10 points, name this Scottish historical fiction author behind Ivanhoe.
ANSWER: Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet <CL>
3. This city was divided into four campans, or zones, each of which was further divided into 20 districts. The Stone of Five Eras was found in the ruins of this city in 1790. This city’s Sacred Precinct was where Pedro de Alvarado killed several thousand people in a pre-emptive attack near the (*) Templo Mayor Complex. The chinampa system of floating gardens was common in this city. La Noche Triste occurred when men under Hernan Cortes tried to leave this city by crossing one of its iconic causeways in 1520. This city rested on islands in Lake Texcoco. For 10 points, name this ancient Aztec capital on which Mexico City was built.
ANSWER: Tenochtitlan [prompt on Mexico City before mentioned] <LT>
4. Jason had to control a fire-breathing pair of these animals to earn the Golden Fleece from King Aeetes (“ae-EE-teez”). One of these animals produced food for Ymir (“YI-meer”), and licked blocks of ice in order to sustain itself; it was called Audhumla (“au-DUM-la”) (*). Sekhmet turned into this animal after she consumed a large amount of beer, thinking it to be blood. Hera demanded that Zeus gift Io to her after he turned Io into this animal. One of Hercules’ twelve labors was to capture the Cretan variety of these, and another was to acquire a herd of these animals that belonged to Geryon. For 10 points, name this animal that the Minotaur’s head resembled.
ANSWER: cow [accept bull, ox, cattle, and other obvious equivalents] <RY>
5. In the first of these works, a crack reveals the eye of one character who has been covered in gold. A man in one of these works runs into a forest after splitting an anvil with a sword. In the last of these works, one character rides a horse into a funeral pyre while (*) wearing a coveted object. The recurring “Death-Curse” of the dwarf Alberich is a leitmotif from these works, which include Götterdämmerung. A low E-flat begins the 136-bar opening to the first of these works. For 10 points, name this group of four operas by Richard Wagner which include Die Walküre and Siegfried.
ANSWER: Ring Cycle operas [accept clear equivalents; accept The Ring of the Nibelung operas; accept Der Ring des Nibelungen operas; prompt on Richard Wagner operas until “rides a horse” is read; do not accept or prompt on individual works] <GA>
6. This leader’s representatives signed the Treaty of Jassy with the Ottoman Empire, which formally recognized Russian control of the Crimea. Diderot (“DI-duh-row”) notably criticized a law code put forth during this leader’s attempts at Enlightened Despotism. That law code was the (*) Nakaz. Earlier in this monarch’s reign, General Peter Panin helped to suppress the Cossack Pugachev’s rebellion. Lovers of this ruler include the namesake of a famous diamond, Grigory Orlov, and a man who built fake villages for one of her inspection tours, Grigory Potemkin. For 10 points, name this longest serving female ruler of Russia.
ANSWER: Catherine the Great [accept Catherine II; accept Sophie Friederike Auguste von Anhalt-Zerbst-Dornburg] <LT>
7. In the movie EuroTrip, a character played by this actor sings the song “Scotty Doesn’t Know.” This actor has received Emmy nominations for co-producing the series Project Greenlight, and has earned Oscar nominations for producing Manchester by the Sea and playing Francois Pienaar in Invictus. This man is often kicked off of (*) Jimmy Kimmel Live!, usually due to lack of time, but later retaliated with a takeover of the show. This Bostonian actor won an Oscar at only 27 years old, for co-writing the screenplay to the film Good Will Hunting with his longtime friend, Ben Affleck. For 10 points, name this actor most famous for playing Jason Bourne.
ANSWER: Matt Damon <SB>
8. This scientist’s findings were used by Archibald Garrod to study alkaptonuria. The author of Intracellular Pangenesis, Carl Correns, worked with theories by this scientist, as did Hugo de Vries. R. A. Fisher used Pearson’s chi-squared test to accuse this scientist of (*) falsifying data because the ratios in his experiments were “too perfect.” This founder of the Austrian Meteorological Society described his research on Pisum sativum in one paper, “Experiments on Plant Hybridization,” which introduced the laws of segregation and independent assortment. For 10 points, identify this scientist and friar who studied genetics using pea plants.
ANSWER: Gregor Johann Mendel [accept Rehor Jan Mendel] <CL>
9. One writer in this movement wrote Guilty of Everything and is named Herbert Huncke. Another writer in this movement wrote a book narrated by drug addict William Lee, Naked Lunch. In addition to William S. Burroughs, this movement included the founder of bookstore (*) City Lights. Works in this movement include one addressed to the writer’s mother, Naomi. That author of “Kaddish” was a member of this movement and also wrote a poem with repeats, “I’m with you in Rockland,” and opens, “I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness.” For 10 points, identify this American literary movement featuring works like Allen Ginsberg’s “Howl.”
ANSWER: The Beat Generation [accept Beat poetry; accept the Beatniks; accept most things that mention Beat] <CL>
10. This element’s fusion is the first step in the alpha process, and runaway fusion of this element and oxygen causes Type Ia (“one a”) supernovae when the mass exceeds the Chandrasekhar limit. Black dwarfs are made primarily of this element in a (*) crystallized form. This element, along with oxygen and nitrogen, acts as a catalyst for one type of hydrogen fusion in stars. In stars, this element is first created in the triple-alpha cycle, in which three helium-4 nuclei combine to form the nucleus of this element. White dwarfs are primarily made of, for 10 points, what element that usually has atomic mass of 12 and forms allotropes of graphite and diamonds?
ANSWER: carbon <DM>
11. One artist updated his work depicting this person by writing Latin words at its base commending those who “fight bravely for the fatherland.” A work by Rembrandt shows this figure playing a harp for a man in a brightly-colored turban and in another work a helmet’s left wing creeps up this figure’s thigh. This figure wears a large garlanded (*) hat and slides a foot through the locks of an enemy in one Renaissance artwork. In another sculpture, this figure’s arm finishes a downward motion after having thrown a stone at a Philistine. For 10 points, name this biblical man who killed Goliath, the subject of a marble sculpture by Michelangelo.
ANSWER: King David [accept David slaying Goliath or knowledge equivalents before “this figure” is read] <GA>
12. The name of this religion first appeared in the 1658 Doctrina Christiana, in which it was described to the King of Spain. This religion describes two aspects of a soul, the big good angel and the little good angel, or the (*) gros bon ange and the ti bon ange. It's not deism, but practitioners of this religion believe that the supreme creator does not intervene in human affairs. As a result, worship is directed to spirits subservient to him. Those spirits are called Ioa. Priests in this religion are called houngans or mambos, and are believed to be chosen by dead ancestors. Versions of this religion developed in Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and New Orleans. For 10 points, name this syncretic religion from Haiti that combined Yoruban traditions with Christianity.
ANSWER: Voodoo [accept Voudon; accept Vaudoux; accept Hoodoo; prompt on descriptive answers or animism] <AG>
13. This metal is found in a mineral containing three atoms of sodium and six atoms of fluorine per formula unit. A chloride of this element is used as a catalyst in the Friedel-Crafts reaction. An oxide of this metal, (*) corundum, is used as an abrasive due to its hardness of 9.0 on the Mohs scale. The main source of this metal is bauxite, which is refined in the Bayer process to produce a pure oxide of this metal. This metal is then smelt through the Hall-Héroult process, which industrially uses electrolysis in a molten salt bath. For 10 points, name this silvery white metal with atomic number 13 and symbol Al.
ANSWER: aluminum <AP>
14. This war featured both the last major naval battle involving sailing ships at Sinop and the first major battle involving ironclads at Kinburn. Lord Raglan was a commander during this war. During this war, Colin Campbell’s stopped a ferocious cavalry charge with his (*) “Thin Red Line.” The 1856 Treaty of Paris ended this conflict, which included the Siege of Sevastopol. Florence Nightingale rose to prominence in this war for her efforts relating to field hospitals. For 10 points, name this conflict from 1853 to 1856, which takes its name from a peninsula on the Black Sea, that pitted the Russian Empire against the Ottomans and their British and French allies.
ANSWER: Crimean War <LT>
15. Binet (“BEEN-ay”) advises one character in this work to take up carpentry, and Homais’ (“oh-MAY’S”) career takes off at the end of this book. Earlier in this book, a letter complete with fake tear stains arrives in a basket of apricots. Although one man in this novel initially moves to Tostes with Heloise Dubuc, he and the protagonist spend much of the text living in (*) Yonville. That protagonist pretends to attend weekly piano lessons in order to carry out an affair with Léon after losing Rodolphe’s affections, despite her marriage to the doctor Charles, and at the end of this novel, she kills herself using arsenic. For 10 points, name this novel about Emma, the most famous work of Gustave Flaubert.
ANSWER: Madame Bovary <CL>
16. In one orchestral work by this composer, a slow crescendo of a B-minor theme builds from low-pitched instruments to a prestissimo finale. This composer included “Sarabande” and “Rigaudon” movements in a work commemorating the 200th anniversary of a noted playwright, his (*) Holberg Suite. Anton Seidl helped orchestrate a set of 66 works by this composer that include “Wedding Day at Troldhaugen” and “March of the Trolls.” This composer of Lyric Pieces also wrote “Morning Mood” to begin the fourth act of a play. For 10 points, name this composer who wrote “In the Hall of the Mountain King” as part of his incidental music to Ibsen’s Peer Gynt.
ANSWER: Edvard (Hagerup) Grieg <GA>
17. The value of this for particles equals the quantity the Lorentz factor minus one, times mass times the speed of light. In the absence of outside forces, the value of this for superfluids remains constant. The value of this for a photon is given by multiplying (*) Planck’s constant by frequency. The rotational form of this quantity is given by one half the moment of inertia times the angular velocity squared while for non-relativistic velocities, the translational form is equal to one half of the mass times velocity squared. For 10 points, name this type of energy that is caused by the motion of an object, in contrast with potential energy.
ANSWER: kinetic energy [prompt on energy] <BC>
18. A Confederate attempt to seize control of this modern-day state led by General Henry Hopkins Sibley was thwarted at the Battle of Glorieta Pass. This state’s city of Columbus was the target of a 1916 raid that led to a retaliatory expedition led by John Pershing. It is believed that members of the (*) Narvaez expedition were the first Europeans to visit this modern-day state. This modern-day state was the site of the 1680 Pueblo Revolt against Spanish rule. The Los Alamos research center is located in this state, which served as the location of the nuclear Trinity Test. For 10 points, name this US state with a capital at Santa Fe.
ANSWER: New Mexico <LT>
19. Robert Jarvik’s wife, Marilyn vos Savant, has the highest recorded value for this specific metric according to the Guinness Book of World Records. Mensa is a group that was founded to cater to individuals with very high recorded values for this metric. The Wechsler test returns this type of numerical value, as does the (*) Stanford-Binet test. The median value for this quantity in the United States is one hundred, and it is normally distributed. This metric is often colloquially contrasted with the controversial EQ value. For 10 points, name this value that is thought by some to be a measure of general intelligence.
ANSWER: Intelligence Quotient [accept IQ; prompt on descriptive or partial answers such as intelligence] <LT>
20. One line in this work compares wives and children to clothing and brothers to limbs. In this work, one group lets its opponent fire arrows at empty boats in order to collect them. One character in this work murders his foster father and rides the horse Red Hare. Young Phoenix works for one man in this work, and that man and two others take an (*) oath of fraternity in a peach garden. In this work, the Battle of Red Cliffs is lost by Cao Cao, and this work begins during the Yellow Turban Rebellion near the end of the Han dynasty. For 10 points, name this classical Chinese novel by Luo Guanzhong about the conflict between Wei, Shu, and Wu.
ANSWER: Romance of the Three Kingdoms [accept Sānguó yǎnyì; prompt on The Three Kingdoms] <CL>
TB. A line from one of this author’s short stories refers to a man who was “born under far bluer skies”. That story, which is set on a passenger liner, is Mr. Know-All. In one novel by this man, the coal baron Lord George runs off to America with Mrs. Driffield. That fact is discovered while this author’s character William Ashenden seeks to write a biography of an author many believe to be modeled on (*) Thomas Hardy. Ashenden is the protagonist of Cakes and Ale. This writer’s most famous work tells the tale of the club-footed Philip Carey’s upbringing. For 10 points, name this English author of the short story Rain and the novel Of Human Bondage.
ANSWER: W(illiam) Somerset Maugham <LT>
Bonuses
1. Only one SI base unit has an SI prefix. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify that unit, the only SI unit which is still defined by an artifact rather than a replicable physical property. In 1795, one thousandth of this unit was defined as the mass of one cubic centimeter of water at 0° Centigrade.
ANSWER: kilogramme [accept kg]
[10] This instrument may one day be able to define the kilogram based on electronic units. It was an improvement from the Ampere balance, and it is based upon a proposal by B. P. Kibble.
ANSWER: watt balance
[10] In addition to current, watt balances use this property to measure mass. The name “watt balance” comes from the fact that the measured mass is proportional to the product of current and this quantity.
ANSWER: voltage <CL>
2. The first recorded king of this nation was Gorm the Old, and its flag is said to have fallen from the heavens at a 1219 battle, making it the oldest continually used national standard. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this Scandinavian nation located primarily on the Jutland peninsula. Its capital is Copenhagen.