Table S1 Cacti species with unisexual reproductive systems. It is calculated that Cactaceae includes around 2000 species (Anderson, 2001) from which 26 species have a reproductive system (dioecious, gynodioecious, subdioecious or trioecious) different to the hermaphrodite. These species are distributed in 9 genus that belong to three subfamilies: Pereskioideae, Opuntioideae and Cactoideae.

SPECIES / SEXUAL SYSTEM / REFERENCE
SUBFAMILY PERESKIOIDEAE
Pereskia zinniiflora / Dioecious / (Leuenberger 1986)
Pereskia portulacifolia / Dioecious / (Leuenberger 1896)
Pereskia quisqueyana / Dioecious / (Leuenberger 1986)
Pereskia marcanoi / Dioecious / (Areces-Mallea 1992)
SUBFAMILY OPUNTIOIDEAE
Opuntia stenopetala / Dioecious / (Bravo-Hollis 1978)
Opuntia robusta / Hermaphrodite, dioecious and trioecious / (Del Castillo 1986)
Opuntia quimilo / Gynodioecious / (Díaz and Cocucci 2003)
Opuntia quitensis / Dioecious / (Anderson 2001)
Consolea spinosissima / Subdioecious or dioecious / (Strittmatter et al. 2002;
2006)
Consolea corallicola / Dioecious / (Negrón-Ortiz and Strittmatter 2004)
Consolea rubescens / Dioecious / (Strittmatter et al. 2006)
Consolea millspaughii / Dioecious / (Strittmatter et al. 2006; 2008)
Consolea moniliformis / Dioecious / (Strittmatter et al. 2006; 2008)
Consolea nashii / Dioecious / (Strittmatter et al. 2006; 2008)
Consolea picardae / Dioecious / (Strittmatter et al. 2006; 2008)
Cylindropuntia molesta ≈ Opuntia molesta / Gynodioecious / (Rebman 1998; Rebman and Pinkava 2001)
Cylindropuntia calmalliana ≈ Opuntia calmalliana / Gynodioecious / (Rebman 1998; Rebman and Pinkava 2001)
Cylindropuntia sanfelipensis ≈ Opuntia sanfelipensis / Gynodioecious / (Rebman 1998; Rebman and Pinkava 2001)
Cylindropuntia wolfii ≈ Opuntia wolfii / Gynodioecious / (Rebman 1998)
SUBFAMILY CACTOIDEAE
Mammillaria neopalmeri / Gynodioecious or trioecious / (Lindsay and Dawson 1952)
Mammillaria dioica / Gynodioecious or trioecious / (Lindsay and Dawson 1952)
Selenicereus innesii / Gynodioecious / (Kimnach 1982)
Echinocereus coccineus / Dioecious or hermaphrodite / (Hoffman 1992)
Pachycereus pringlei / Trioecious or gynodioecious / (Fleming et al. 1994)
Echinocereus yavapaiensis / Dioecious / (Baker 2006)
Echinocereus mombergerianus / Trioecious or gynodioecious / (Baker 2006)

References

Anderson EF (2001) The cactus family. Timber Press USA. 776 pp

Areces-Mallea AE (1992) Pereskia marcanoi a new species of Cactaceae from Hispaniola Brittonia 44:423-428

Baker M (2006) A new florally dimorphic hexaploid, Echinocereus yavapaiensis sp. nov. (section Triglochidiatus, Cactaceae) from central Arizona. Plant Syst Evol 258:63-83

Bravo-Hollis H (1978) Las cactáceas de México. Vol. 1. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. México

Del Castillo R (1986) La selección natural de los sistemas de cruzamiento en Opuntia robusta. Tesis de Maestría. Colegio de Postgraduados Chapingo México. 133 pp

Díaz L, Cocucci A (2003) Functional gynodioecy in Opuntia quimilo (Cactaceae), a tree cactus pollinated by bees and hummingbirds. Plant Biol 5:531-539

Fleming TH, Maurice S, Buchmann SL, Tuttle MD (1994) Reproductive biology and the relative male and female fitness in a trioecious cactus, Pachycereus pringlei (Cactaceae). Am J Bot 81:858-867

Hoffman TM (1992) Functional Dioecy in Echinocereus coccineus (Cactaceae): Breeding system, sex ratios and geographic range of floral dimorphism. Am J Bot 12:1382-1388

Kimnach M (1982) Selenicereus innesii, an aberrant new species from the West Indies. Cactus and Succulent Journal US 54:3-7

Leuenberger B (1986) Pereskia (Cactaceae). Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 41:1-141

Lindsay G, Dawson E (1952) Mammillarias of the islands off northwestern Baja California, Mexico. Cactus and Succulent Journal US 24:76-84

Negrón-Ortiz V, Strittmatter L (2004) Embryology of floral dimorphism and gender system of Consolea corallicola (Cactaceae), a rare species of the Florida Keys. Haseltonia 10:1-10

Rebman J (1998) A new cholla (Cactaceae) from Baja California, Mexico. Haseltonia 6:17-21

Rebman J, Pinkava D (2001) Opuntia cacti of North America- An overview. Fla Entomol 84:474-483

Strittmatter LI, Negrón-Ortiz V, Hickey RJ (2002) Subdioecy in Consolea spinosissima (Cactaceae): breeding system and embryological studies. Am J Bot 89:1373-1387

Strittmatter LI, Negrón-Ortiz V, Hickey RJ (2006) Comparative microsporangium development in male-fertile and male-sterile flowers of Consolea (Cactaceae): When and how does pollen abortion occur. Grana 45:81-100