“Am I Ready for the AP Chem Exam” CHECKLIST
What Do I Know So Far?
□ Big Idea 1: Chemical Elements and the Atomic Structure
□Mass Percent (2 requirements)
□Can you identify an element or determine its purity using mass percent calculations?
□Can you use mole relationships to convert between moles, mass, particles, volume, and pressures?
□Electronic Structure of Atoms and Periodicity (1 requirement)
□Can you predict and justify periodic trends in data (PES, radii, ionization energy, electronegativity) using Coulombic attraction (q and d) with Zeff and shielding?
□Atomic Models (3 requirements)
□Can you use experimental data (mass spectrometry, PES, electromagnetic waves) to justify the atomic model with specific shells and eventually the quantum mechanical model (probable locations in orbitals)?
□Can you use mass spectrometry to identify elements and determine average atomic mass by isotopes?
□Can you design a lab to determine the concentration of a solutionusing a spectrophotometer? (Beer’s Law)
□Law of Conservation of Mass (1 requirement)
□Can you balance chemical reactions and use mole ratios to predict amountsneeded or produced?
□ Big Idea 2: Bonds and Attractions Explain the Properties of Matter
□Macroscopic Properties (3 requirements)
□Can you identify different properties of solids and liquids based on bonding/attractions and structure?
□Can you relate macroscopic properties of a gas through a mathematical equation? (PV = nRT)(KE = ½mv2)
□Can you identify a homogeneous solution’s concentration and the solute–solvent interactions (IMAFs)?
□Intermolecular Interactions (3 requirements)
□Can you describe London dispersion forces and identifysubstances having LDFs between molecules?
□Can you describe dipole–dipole forces, including the specific requirements of Hydrogen bonding, and identify substances with these forces between molecules?
□Can you comparephysical properties of substances (mp, bp, vp, etc.) based on the IMAFs present?
□Chemical Bonds (2 requirements)
□Can you predict the type of intramolecular bonds present in a substance based on the placement of the elements in the periodic table?
□Can you predict the Lewis structure, VSEPR geometry, hybridization, and polarity of molecules?
□Bonds and Properties of Solids (2 requirements)
□Can you identify the bonds/attractions of a solid as ionic, molecular, covalent-network, or metallic?
□Can you predict the properties of a solid based on its identified bonds/attractions?
□ Big Idea 3: Chemical Reactions
□Stoichiometry (3 requirements)
□Can you represent a chemical reaction as a balanced molecular, ionic, or net ionic equation as well as with a particle drawing showing correct mole ratios?
□Can you calculate a reaction’s theoretical and percent yield taking into account limiting reactant?
□Can you determine the molar mass of a gas in lab and describe laboratory errors?
□Reactions (3 requirements)
□Can you determine the empirical formula of a substance from lab data? (with a rhyme or by combustion)
□Can you identify Brønsted-Lowry acids, bases, and conjugate acid-base pairs in a chemical reaction?
□Can you use oxidation numbers to identify and balance redox reactions?
□Energy (3 requirements)
□Can you classify a reaction as a chemical, physical, or ambiguous change? (decomp, melting, dissolving)
□Can you identify endothermic and exothermic reactions based on lab observations(T) as well as symbolic and graphical representations in potential energy diagrams or reactants and products?
□Can you use Faraday’s Law, identify oxidation and reduction half-reactions,and calculate electrical potential for galvanic and electrolytic cells?
□ Big Idea 4: Reaction Rates Depend on Molecular Collisions
□Collisions in Reactions (2 requirements)
□Can you identify an elementary reaction and connect it to the frequency and success of collisions?
□Can you identify successful collisions in a reaction based on energy, orientation, and reaction pathway?
□Elementary Reactions (1 requirements)
□Can you identify the overall reaction based on elementary steps of a multistep mechanism?
□Can you identify the rate law of a reaction by the slowest step in a multistep mechanism?
□Changes in Reaction Rates (4 requirements)
□Can you identify the factors that influence the rate of a reaction?
□Can you identify the effects of different types of catalysts on a reaction?
□Can you calculate rate orders and a rate law given reaction concentrations?
□Can you calculate a rate constant and identify factors that affect the rate constant?
□ Big Idea 5: Energy and Thermodynamics
□Heat Energy (1 requirements)
□Can you identify the heat transferred between objects (T and heating curves) and comparethe “specific heat capacity” of different materials?
□Energy Conservation (2 requirements)
□Can you differentiate between work (on or by) and heat (in or out) between systems in thermal contact?
□Can you relate heat transfer to changes of state including heat calculations?(heating curves and q=mcT)
□Bond Energy (1 requirements)
□Can you calculate the potential energy and net energy change of a substance by bonds broken and formed?
□IMF Energy (3 requirements)
□Can you identify the interaction of molecules based on attractive forces? (phase change as endo- or exo-)
□Can you differentiate between a physical orchemical change based on interorintra molecular forces?
□Enthalpy and Entropy (4 requirements)
□Can you predict the relative magnitude and sign of an enthalpy change for areaction?
□Can you determine if a reaction is thermodynamically favored based on GibbsEnergy calculations?
□Can you identify external forces that drive a unfavorable reaction?
□Can you identify which favorable reactions will not occur based on kinetic control?
□ Big Idea 6: Equilibrium
□Reversible Reactions (3 requirements)
□Can you determine Q or K from a series of reactions?
□Can you calculate K or equilibrium concentrations and pressures for a reversible reaction?
□Can you use the magnitude of K to determine the amounts of substances at equilibrium?
□Le Chatelier (1 requirements)
□Can you use Le Chatelier’s Principle and Q to describe the direction and relative forward and reverse rates of a reaction?
□Acid-Base and Solubility Equilibria (6 requirements)
□Can you describe the similarities and differences between a strong and weak acidin terms of formula, concentrations, pH, % ionization, particle diagrams, titrationgraphs, and amount of titrant needed to reach the equivalence point?
□Can you determine the pH and concentrations of substances at anypoint in a titration?
□Can you convert between hydronium and hydroxide concentrations, pH, pOH, Ka,Kb, Kw, pKa, and pKb?
□Can you design a buffer solution with a specific pH and buffer capacity and predicthow the buffer will react with the addition of an acid or a base?
□Can you select and determine the color change of a titration indicator using pH and the indicator’s pKa?
□Can you use Ksp and Q to predict and calculate the solubility or precipitation of a salt?
□Gibbs Free Energy and Equilibrium (1 requirements)
□Can you predict K based on enthalpy, entropy, and favorability data?
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