All Other Male Cancers

Table 1. Comparisons of hazard ratios (HR) for the associations of systolic and diastolic blood pressure with incident prostate cancer, advanced prostate cancer and all other male cancers before and after excluding subjects on antihypertensive drugs

Before exclusion of those on antihypertensive treatment / After exclusion of those
on antihypertensive treatment
Variable / Fully adjusteda
HR (95% CI) / Fully adjusteda
HR (95% CI) / P-trend

Prostate Cancer

Systolic blood pressure in quintiles
1st (72-123 mmHg) / 1.00 ( reference) / 1.00 (reference)
2nd (124-131 mmHg) / 1.05 (0.87-1.25) / 0.99 (0.82-1.20)
3rd (132-139 mmHg) / 1.10 (0.93-1.30) / 1.06 (0.88-1.27)
4th (140-151 mmHg) / 1.06 (0.90-1.24) / 1.01 (0.85-1.20)
5th (152-273 mmHg) / 1.13 (0.97-1.31) / 1.10 (0.93-1.29)
Systolic blood pressure (per SD=18.3 mmHg) / 1.04 (1.00-1.09) / 1.05 (1.00-1.09) / 0.06
Diastolic blood pressure in quintiles
1st (30-71 mmHg) / 1.00 ( reference) / 1.00 ( reference)
2nd (72-77 mmHg) / 1.03 (0.87-1.22) / 1.09 (0.90-1.31)
3rd (78-82 mmHg) / 1.15 (0.97-1.36) / 1.16 (0.96-1.40)
4th (83-89 mmHg) / 1.03 (0.88-1.21) / 1.09 (0.91-1.31)
5th (90-161 mmHg) / 1.16 (1.00-1.36) / 1.20 (1.00-1.43)
Diastolic blood pressure (per SD=11.4 mmHg) / 1.05 (1.01-1.10) / 1.05 (1.00-1.11) / 0.04
Advanced prostate cancer
Systolic blood pressure (per SD=18.3 mmHg) / 1.16 (1.05-1.27) / 1.13 (1.0-1.26) / 0.03
Diastolic blood pressure (per SD=11.4 mmHg) / 1.10 (0.99-1.22) / 1.05 (0.93-1.20) / 0.40

All other male cancers

Systolic blood pressure in quintiles
1st (72-123 mmHg) / 1.00 (reference) / 1.00 (reference)
2nd (124-131 mmHg) / 0.98 (0.89-1.08) / 0.92 (0.82-1.04)
3rd (132-139 mmHg) / 0.97 (0.88-1.06) / 0.90 (0.80-1.01)
4th (140-151 mmHg) / 1.04 (0.96-1.14) / 1.00 (0.90-1.12)
5th (152-273 mmHg) / 1.05 (0.97-1.14) / 1.04 (0.93-1.16)
Systolic blood pressure (per SD=18.3 mmHg) / 1.01 (0.98-1.04) / 1.02 (0.99-1.05) / 0.22
Diastolic blood pressure in quintiles
1st (30-71 mmHg) / 1.00 reference) / 1.00 (reference)
2nd (72-77 mmHg) / 0.94 (0.84-1.05) / 0.95 (0.84-1.07)
3rd (78-82 mmHg) / 0.92 (0.83-1.03) / 0.91 (0.81-1.03)
4th (83-89 mmHg) / 1.04 (0.94-1.15) / 1.03 (0.92-1.16)
5th (90-161 mmHg) / 1.00 (0.90-1.11) / 1.02 (0.92-1.15)
Diastolic blood pressure (per SD=11.4 mmHg) / 1.02 (0.99-1.12) / 1.03 (0.99-1.06) / 0.14

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; HR = Hazard ratio; SD = standard deviation. aAdjusted for age (10 year age groups), height (quintiles), BMI (quintiles), smoking (never, former, current, unknown), marital status (cohabit, single, widower, divorced/separated), education (<10, 10-12, 13-14 and ≥ 15 years, unknown), physical activity (no activity, <3 hours light activity, ≥3 hours light or < 1 hour hard activity, ≥1 hour hard activity, unknown), diabetes at baseline (yes, no), country of origin(Norway; Other)

Table 2. Hazard ratios (HR) for the associations of hypertension (≥ 140 systolic or ≥90 mmHg diastolic) or antihypertensive treatment with incident prostate cancer, advanced prostate cancer and all other male cancers

Variable / No. of
person years / No. of
cases / Age-adjusted
HR / Fully adjusteda
HR (95% CI) / P-value

Prostate cancer

Blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg or
antihypertensive drug treatment
no / 663 / 1.0 / 1.0 (ref)
yes / 1311 / 1.02 / 1.06 (0.96-1.17) / 0.24

Advanced

prostate cancer
Blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg or
antihypertensive drug treatment
no / 101 / 1.0 / 1.0 (ref)
yes / 241 / 1.23 / 1.31 (1.03-1.67) / 0.03
All other male cancer
Blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg or
antihypertensive drug treatment
no / 1600 / 1.0 / 1.0 (ref)
yes / 2673 / 1.06 / 1.08 (1.01-1.15) / 0.03

Table 3. Comparisons of hazard ratios (HR) for the associations of systolic and diastolic blood pressure with all incident prostate cancer, advanced prostate cancer and all other male cancers before and after excluding the first 5 years of follow-up

Before excluding the first 5 years of follow-up / After excluding the first 5 years of follow-up
Variable / Fully adjusteda
HR (95% CI) / No. of cases / Fully adjusteda
HR (95% CI) / P-trend

Prostate Cancer

Systolic blood pressure (per SD=18.3 mmHg) / 1.04 (1.00-1.09) / 1030 / 1.06 (1.00-1.12) / 0.04
Diastolic blood pressure (per SD=11.4 mmHg) / 1.05 (1.01-1.10) / 1030 / 1.06 (0.99-1.12) / 0.09
Advanced prostate cancer
Systolic blood pressure (per SD=18.3 mmHg) / 1.16 (1.05-1.27) / 176 / 1.12 (0.98-1.28) / 0.11
Diastolic blood pressure (per SD=11.4 mmHg) / 1.10 (0.99-1.22) / 176 / 1.12 (0.97-1.30) / 0.13

All other male cancers

Systolic blood pressure (per SD=18.3 mmHg) / 1.01 (0.98-1.04) / 2134 / 1.06 (1.01-1.10) / 0.009
Diastolic blood pressure (per SD=11.4 mmHg) / 1.02 (0.99-1.12) / 2134 / 1.08 (1.04-1.13) / <0.001