Alcohol / Children and Young People 401

ALCOHOL / CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE <401>

Database EMBASE

Accession Number 2005177721

Authors Jefferis B.J.M.H. Power C. Manor O.

Institution

(Jefferis, Power) Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol./B., Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.

(Manor) Sch. of Pub. Hlth. and Comm. Med., Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel.

(Jefferis) Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol./B., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom.

Country of Publication

United Kingdom

Title

Adolescent drinking level and adult binge drinking in a national birth cohort.

Source

Addiction. 100(4)(pp 543-549), 2005. Date of Publication: Apr 2005.

Abstract

Aims: To assess (i) continuities in binge drinking across adulthood and (ii) the association between adolescent drinking level and adult binge drinking. Design: Population-based prospective birth cohort. Setting: England, Scotland and Wales. Participants: All births during one week in March 1958 (n = 8520 in analysis). Measurements: Alcohol consumption reported at 16, 23, 33 and 42 years. Binge drinkers were identified by dividing number of units of alcohol consumed in the last week by usual drinking frequency, with limits of [greater-than or equal to]10 units/occasion for men and [greater-than or equal to]7 for women. Findings: Four in five cohort members drank alcohol at least twice a month. Prevalences of binge drinking at 23, 33 and 42 years among men were 37%, 28% and 31% and among women 18%, 13% and 14%. Most binge drinkers in adulthood changed drinking status during this period. Nevertheless, binge drinking at age 23 increased the odds of binge drinking at 42 years: odds ratio (OR) 2.10 (95% CI 1.85, 2.39) for men; OR 1.56 (95% CI 1.29, 1.89) for women. Women who rarely or never drank aged 16 were less likely than light drinkers (0-2 units/week) to binge drink as adults, OR at 23 years 0.65 (95% CI 0.55, 0.77). Men who were heavier drinkers ([greater-than or equal to]7 units/week) at 16 years were more likely than light drinkers to binge drink throughout adulthood; at 42 years, OR 1.64 (95% CI 1.33, 2.08). Conclusions: Binge drinking is common in British men and women throughout adulthood with continuities between the 20s and 40s. Adolescent drinking has a modest although important association with adult binge drinking. copyright 2005 Society for the Study of Addiction.

ISSN 0965-2140

Publication Type Journal: Article

Journal Name Addiction

Volume 100

Issue Part 4

Page 543-549

Year of Publication 2005

Date of Publication Apr 2005

CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE <403>

Database EMBASE

Accession Number 2005177719

Authors Poulin C. Hand D. Boudreau B. Santor D.

Institution

(Poulin, Hand, Boudreau) Dept. of Comm. Hlth. and Epidemiol., Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.

(Santor) Department of Psychology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.

(Poulin) Dept. of Comm. Hlth. and Epidemiol., Dalhousie University, 5790 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, Canada.

Country of Publication

United Kingdom

Title

Gender differences in the association between substance use and elevated depressive symptoms in a general adolescent population.

Source

Addiction. 100(4)(pp 525-535), 2005. Date of Publication: Apr 2005.

Abstract

Aims: This study explores gender differences in the association between substance use and elevated depressive symptoms in the general adolescent population. Design: Cross-sectional self-reported anonymous survey, the 2002/2003 Student Drug Use Survey in the Atlantic Provinces. The sample design was a single-stage cluster sample of randomly selected classes stratified by grade and region. Setting: The four Atlantic provinces of Canada. Participants: A total of 12 771 students in junior and senior high schools of the public school systems, representing a response rate of about 97%. The average age of participants was 15.2 years. Measurements: The measure of elevated depressive symptoms was a 12-item version of the CES-D with three categories of depression risk validated in a companion study. Findings: The prevalence of very elevated depressive symptoms was 8.6% in females and 2.6% in males. Alcohol use and cigarette smoking were found to be independent predictors of elevated depressive symptoms in females, but not males; cannabis use was found to be an independent predictor of elevated depressive symptoms in both males and females. Age was found to have a curvilinear relationship with elevated depressive symptoms in females but not in males. The adolescent's academic performance and province of residence were found to be independent risk factors of elevated depressive symptoms among both males and females. About 10.3% of adolescents considered to be potential candidates for needing help reported having received help because they felt depressed. Conclusions: The association between depression risk and age, alcohol use, cigarette smoking and cannabis use in the general adolescent population is not straightforward and may differ according to gender. There is unmet need for help for depression among adolescents. copyright 2005 Society for the Study of Addiction.

ISSN 0965-2140

Publication Type Journal: Article

Journal Name Addiction

Volume 100

Issue Part 4

Page 525-535

Year of Publication 2005

Date of Publication Apr 2005

CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE <404>

Database EMBASE

Accession Number 2005177718

Authors McCabe S.E. Schulenberg J.E. Johnston L.D. O'Malley P.M. Bachman J.G. Kloska D.D.

Institution

(McCabe) University of Michigan, Substance Abuse Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.

(Schulenberg) Institute for Social Research, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.

(Johnston, O'Malley, Bachman, Kloska) Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.

(McCabe) University of Michigan, Substance Abuse Research Center, 2025 Traverwood, Ann Arbor, MI 48105-2194, United States.

Country of Publication

United Kingdom

Title

Selection and socialization effects of fraternities and sororities on US college student substance use: A multi-cohort national longitudinal study.

Source

Addiction. 100(4)(pp 512-524), 2005. Date of Publication: Apr 2005.

Abstract

Aims: To examine how membership in fraternities and sororities relates to the prevalence and patterns of substance use in a national sample of full-time US college students. Design: Nationally representative probability samples of US high school seniors (modal age 18 years) were followed longitudinally across two follow-up waves during college (modal ages 19/20 and 21/22). Setting: Data were collected via self-administered questionnaires from US high school seniors and college students. Participants: The longitudinal sample consisted of 10 cohorts (senior years of 1988-97) made up of 5883 full-time undergraduate students, of whom 58% were women and 17% were active members of fraternities or sororities. Findings: Active members of fraternities and sororities had higher levels of heavy episodic drinking, annual marijuana use and current cigarette smoking than non-members at all three waves. Although members of fraternities reported higher levels than non-members of annual illicit drug use other than marijuana, no such differences existed between sorority members and non-members. Heavy episodic drinking and annual marijuana use increased significantly with age among members of fraternities or sororities relative to non-members, but there were no such differential changes for current cigarette use or annual illicit drug use other than marijuana. Conclusions: The present study provides strong evidence that higher rates of substance use among US college students who join fraternities and sororities predate their college attendance, and that membership in a fraternity or sorority is associated with considerably greater than average increases in heavy episodic drinking and annual marijuana use during college. These findings have important implications for prevention and intervention efforts aimed toward college students, especially members of fraternities and sororities. copyright 2005 Society for the Study of Addiction.

ISSN 0965-2140

Publication Type Journal: Article

Journal Name Addiction

Volume 100

Issue Part 4

Page 512-524

Year of Publication 2005

Date of Publication Apr 2005

CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE <409>

Database EMBASE

Accession Number 2005177713

Authors McCambridge J. Strang J.

Institution

(McCambridge, Strang) National Addiction Centre, Maudsley/Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom.

(McCambridge) Addiction Sciences Building, 4 Windsor Walk, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.

Country of Publication

United Kingdom

Title

Deterioration over time in effect of Motivational Interviewing in reducing drug consumption and related risk among young people.

Source

Addiction. 100(4)(pp 470-478), 2005. Date of Publication: Apr 2005.

Abstract

Aim: To test whether beneficial effects of a single session of Motivational Interviewing (MI) on alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use apparent after 3 months were maintained until 12 months. Design: Cluster randomized trial, allocating 200 young people in the natural groups in which they were recruited to either MI (n = 105) or to an assessment-only control condition (n = 95). Setting: Ten further education colleges across inner London. Participants: Two hundred young people who were current users of illegal drugs (age range 16-20 years) with whom contact was established through peers trained for the project. Intervention: The intervention was adapted from MI in the form of a topic-based 1-hour single-session discussion. Measurements: Changes in cigarette, alcohol, cannabis and other drug use and perceptions of risk and harm between the time of recruitment and follow-up interviews after 3 and 12 months. Findings: A satisfactory follow-up rate (81%) was achieved. After 12 months, 3-month differences between MI and assessment-only groups have disappeared almost entirely. Unexpected improvements by the assessment-only control group on a number of outcomes suggest the possibility of reactivity to the research assessment at 3-month follow-up. Conclusion: In the terms of the original experiment, there is little evidence of enduring intervention effectiveness shown by between-group differences after 12 months. Deterioration of effect is the most probable explanation, although reactivity to 3-month assessment, a late Hawthorne effect, cannot be ruled out. copyright 2005 Society for the Study of Addiction.

ISSN 0965-2140

Publication Type Journal: Article

Journal Name Addiction

Volume 100

Issue Part 4

Page 470-478

Year of Publication 2005

Date of Publication Apr 2005

CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE <412>

Database EMBASE

Accession Number 2005177704

Authors Slomkowski C. Rende R. Novak S. Lloyd-Richardson E. Niaura R.

Institution

(Slomkowski, Rende, Novak, Lloyd-Richardson, Niaura) Miriam Hospital, Dept. of Psychiat. and Hum. Behavior, Brown Medical School, Providence, RI, United States.

(Rende) Brown Centers Behav. and Prev. Med., Coro Building, One Hoppin Street, Providence, RI 02903, United States.

Country of Publication

United Kingdom

Title

Sibling effects on smoking in adolescence: Evidence for social influence from a genetically informative design.

Source

Addiction. 100(4)(pp 430-438), 2005. Date of Publication: Apr 2005.

Abstract

Aims: Behavioral genetic research has suggested that sibling effects on smoking may reflect social rather than genetic processes. We utilize a genetically informative sample of adolescents to test this proposition, focusing on sibling relationship processes (social connectedness) shown to be influential in studies of deviancy. Design: A combined twin-sibling design was employed to disentangle genetic and non-genetic effects. Participants: We utilized a sample of 1421 adolescent sibling pairs participating in the US National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). These sibling pairs represent a spectrum of genetic relatedness and include monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins, biological siblings, half-siblings and unrelated siblings. Measurements: Participants completed self-report questionnaires on smoking behavior, quality of relationship with their sibling (social connectedness) and peer and parental smoking. Findings: Main effects of both shared environment and genetics were found on adolescent smoking frequency. Social connectedness between siblings moderated shared environmental influences on smoking frequency at each time period, as well as on change in smoking frequency. Shared environmental effects were more pronounced when siblings reported high levels of social connectedness. These environmental sibling effects on smoking were significant after controlling for parent and peer smoking. Conclusions: This report extends prior research on sibling effects on smoking by identifying specific relationship dynamics that underlie transmission of risk within sibships and providing evidence that such relationship dynamics represent social rather than genetic processes. copyright 2005 Society for the Study of Addiction.

ISSN 0965-2140

Publication Type Journal: Article

Journal Name Addiction

Volume 100

Issue Part 4

Page 430-438

Year of Publication 2005

Date of Publication Apr 2005

CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE <432>

Database EMBASE

Accession Number 2005160668

Authors Jones R.H.

Institution

(Jones) Department of English/Communication, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hongkong SAR, China.

Country of Publication

United Kingdom

Title

Mediated addiction: The drug discourses of Hong Kong youth.

Source

Health, Risk and Society. 7(1)(pp 25-45), 2005. Date of Publication: Mar 2005.

Abstract

This paper examines the ways young people in Hong Kong at different stages of involvement with illegal drugs respond to government produced anti-drug television commercials through a methodology which provided them with the technical skills and equipment to make their own short videos about drugs. An analysis of the videos they produced and their interaction while producing them reveals that participants with different drug-taking experiences have very different and often multiple ways of talking about drugs, and that these different 'discourses' and the ways they are deployed in different contexts affect how 'at-risk' they are for new or continued drug use and how they respond to anti-drug messages designed to mitigate this risk. copyright 2005 Taylor & Francis Group Ltd.

ISSN 1369-8575

Publication Type Journal: Article

Journal Name Health, Risk and Society

Volume 7

Issue Part 1

Page 25-45

Year of Publication 2005

Date of Publication Mar 2005

CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE <435>

Database EMBASE

Accession Number 2005157563

Authors Shaffer H.J. Donato A.N. LaBrie R.A. Kidman R.C. LaPlante D.A.

Institution

(Shaffer, Donato, LaBrie, Kidman, LaPlante) Harvard Medical School, Division of Addictions, The Landmark Center, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215, United States.

Country of Publication

United Kingdom

Title

The epidemiology of college alcohol and gambling policies.

Source

Harm Reduction Journal. 2, 2005. Article Number: 1. Date of Publication: 09 Feb 2005.

Abstract

Background: This article reports the first national assessment of patterns of drinking and gambling-related rulemaking on college campuses (e.g., punitive versus recovery oriented). Analyses relating school policies to known school rates of drinking or gambling identified potentially influential policies. These results can inform and encourage the development of guidelines, or "best practices," upon which schools can base future policy. Methods: The college policy information was collected from handbooks, Web sites and supplemental materials of 119 scientifically selected colleges included in the fourth (2001) Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study (CAS). A coding instrument of 40 items measured the scope and focus of school alcohol and gambling policies. This instrument included items to measure the presence of specific policies and establish whether the policies were punitive or rehabilitative. A total of 11 coders followed a process of information extraction, coding and arbitration used successfully in other published studies to codify policy information. Results: Although all schools had a student alcohol use policy, only 26 schools (22%) had a gambling policy. Punitive and restrictive alcohol policies were most prevalent; recovery-oriented policies were present at fewer than 30% of schools. Certain alcohol and gambling policies had significant relationships with student binge drinking rates. Conclusions: The relative lack of college recovery-oriented policies suggests that schools might be overlooking the value of rehabilitative measures in reducing addictive behaviors among students. Since there are few college gambling-related policies, schools might be missing an opportunity to inform students about the dangers of excessive gambling. copyright 2005 Shaffer et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.