(2) List Three of the Powerful Motivations/Causes for European Exploration

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Chapter 13 Questions

(1) What enabled Europeans to carve out huge empires an ocean away from their homelands?

(2) List three of the powerful motivations/causes for European exploration.

(3) Look at map 13.1 on page 556. Using the text and map, what conclusions can you draw about European rivalry?

(4) What factors allowed Spain to conquer the Aztec and Inca empires?

(5) Read the “Zooming In” on page 558. Answer the questions at the end of the section as well as A. How does the story of Dona Marina show the continuity of patriarchy?

(6) What were some of the causes of the Little Ice Age?

(7) Which explanation do you find most compelling?

(8) What were the climate effects of the Little Ice Age?

(9) How did the Great Dying and the Little Ice Age make way for immigrant newcomers?

(10) What large scale transformations did European empires generate?

(11) Describe the long-term effects of the Columbian Exchange.

(12) Make a chart of similarities and differences between European colonial rule in the Caribbean and North America and European colonial rule in South America.

(13) What differences are evident in the colonization of the Western Hemisphere by different European nations?

(14) How were Amerindian women treated after the European conquest?

(15) What was the economic foundation of colonial rule in Mexico and Peru? How did it shape the kinds of societies that arose there?

(16) Discuss the similarities and differences in the mita and encomienda systems.

(17) What were mestizos and how did they come about?

(18) How are the processes of Spanish acculturation and patriarchy linked?

(19) How did the plantation societies of Brazil and the Caribbean differ from those of southern colonies in British North America?

(20) How did sugar transform Brazil and the Caribbean?

(21) What were some (at least 2) of the similarities between slavery in Latin America and the Caribbean and slavery in British North America?

(22) How did racial ideology differ in Latin American and in North America?

(23) What distinguished the British settler colonies of North America from the counterparts in Latin America?

(24) Upon return, be prepared to complete a SPICE chart on both Latin and North America from this time period.

(25) Why did commoners want the Russian Empire to expand?

(26) Why did state officials want the Russian Empire to expand?

(27) How did the Russian state encourage people to convert to Christianity?

(28) How did the Russian Empire transform the life of its conquered people and of the Russian homeland itself?

(29) How did Russia’s westward expansion change Russia?

(30) What continuities remained despite these changes?

(31) What were the distinctive features of Chinese empire building in the early modern era?

(32) How did the Qing dynasty govern its empire?

(33) How did the expansion of Russia and China transform Central Asia?

(34) How did Mongol attitudes and policies toward Hindus change from the time of Akbar to that of Aurangzeb?

(35) In what ways was the Ottoman Empire important for Europe in the early modern era?

(36) How did the use of the devshirme system help Ottoman sultans expand and strengthen their empire?

(37) Upon reading the Reflections on pages 587-588, explain why context is such a crucial consideration in the study of world history.