LASER: PHOTO- BIOMODULATION
Acta Chir Acad Sci Hung. 1976;17(1):49-55
Laser stimulation of wound healing
Mester E, Nagylucskay S, Doklen A, Tisza S
Serum complement activity, immunoglobulin levels and the circulatinauto-antibodies were studied in the course of laser treatment of 20 cases ofcrural ulcer. After temporary changes a normalization of the humoral immuneresponse was observed in the healing cases, while in the stagnating onesopposite trend was manifest. In none of the groups were detected circulatingauto-antibodies against the investigated antigens.
Vestn Khir Im I I Grek. 1982 Dec;129(12):64-6
Use of laser irradiation in the treatment of trophic ulcers of the lower limbs
Iupatov SI, Smotrin SM, Anufrik SS
Results of the complex treatment of 65 patients with trophic ulcers of lowerextremities resulting from chronic venous insufficiency with the use of laserirradiation of the ultraviolet range are reported. The laser irradiation wasshown to exert a stimulating effect upon the regeneration of trophic ulcers. Itsuse was found to give considerably better results of the complex treatment.
Vestn Khir Im I I Grek. 1984 Jan;132(1):69-71
Use of the helium-neon laser in the treatment of crural varicose ulcers
Usik VS
Results of the laser therapy of varicose ulcers of the crus in 45 patients wereanalyzed. The laser therapy is considered by the author to favourably influencethe healing of the ulcers, to reduce pain, edema and skin hyperemia.
Dermatologica. 1984;168(4):157-62
In vitro fibroblast and dermis fibroblast activation by laser irradiation at low
energy. An electron microscopic study
Bosatra M, Jucci A, Olliaro P, Quacci D, Sacchi S
The effects of laser irradiations have been estimated both from the clinicalpoint of view (rate of reduction of the ulcerated area) and in ultrastructuralterms. The modification produced by laser in human fibroblasts in culture havealso been investigated. Under our clinical and experimental conditions, laserstimulates the secretion of fibroblasts, both in vivo and in vitro, for reasonsthat are still the object of research. After irradiation the formation ofperiodic collagen fibrils is not observed, so that complete ' restitutio ad
integrum' of the dermal matrix does not occur.
Photodermatol. 1984 Oct;1(5):245-9
Inadequate effect of helium-neon laser on venous leg ulcers
Santoianni P, Monfrecola G, Martellotta D, Ayala F
A study to determine whether laser radiation of low-power photon density wouldreally affect the healing of venous leg ulcers in man was performed. The ulcerswere irradiated 6 d per wk with a helium-neon laser (wavelength 632.8 nm).Energy densities of 1 J/cm2 (16 patients) and 4 J/cm2 (17 patients) wereadministered daily. The control group (28 patients) received only antisepticlocal compresses as treatment. No statistically significant difference betweenthe laser-treated group and the control group was found. It was concluded thathelium-neon laser radiation has no advantages over standard local treatments, atleast with the dosage schedules and protocols employed.
Vestn Khir Im I I Grek. 1985 Feb;134(2):55-8
Treatment of trophic ulcers and non-healing wounds with CO2 laser
Koshelev VN, Glukhov EI, Barkhatov LN
The authors used high and low intensity CO2 lasers for the treatment of 140patients with trophic ulcers and continuously non-healing wounds. Choice of themethod of treatment, parameters of laser radiation are based on concrete valuesof indices of the regeneration processes in the wounds and ulcers. In 83,6% ofpatients there was a complete recovery of the wounds, in 16,4% the recovery waspartial.
Health Phys 1989 May;56(5):691-704
Photobiology of low-power laser effects
Karu T
Quantitative studies have been performed to determine the action oflow-intensity visible monochromatic light on various cells (E. coli, yeasts,HeLa, Chinese hamster fibroblasts and human lymphocytes); also irradiationconditions (wavelength, dose and intensity) conducive to vital activitystimulation have been examined. Respiratory chain components are discussed asprimary photoacceptors. The possible ways for photosignal transduction andamplification are discussed. It is proposed that enhanced wound healing due toirradiation with low-intensity visible laser light (He-Cd, He-Ne andsemiconductor lasers) is due to the increasing proliferation of cells.
G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 1989 Jun;124(6):317-9
Defocused CO2 laser in the treatment of leg ulcers. Preliminary results
Campolmi P, Lotti T, Bonan P, Tsampau D, Palleschi GM, Andreassi L
We studied the therapeutic action of CO2 Laser on leg ulcers due to chronicvenous hypertension in 30 subjects. Our findings show good results in reducingpain and leg oedema and wound healing.
Ortop Travmatol Protez. 1989 Oct;(10):66-70
Experimental and clinical substantiation of laser therapy of wounds and trophic
ulcers
Rakcheev AP, Kiprenskii IuV
The authors have studied the results of 120 experiments on 60 guinea-pigs and110 rabbits who received the treatment of modelled fenestrated musculocutaneouswounds and trophic ulcers respectively on the replanted extremity and on theback with helium and neon laser until they healed completely. The authors havedemonstrated that the laser therapy accelerates the process of reparativeregeneration. In 50 intact rabbits who received local irradiation with heliumand neon laser there was an increase in the activity of lysosome enzymes and inthe protein metabolism values in the blood serum. The use of the helium and neonlaser with the specific density of the irradiation rate of 2.5 mWt/cm2 and theexposition during 5 minutes in the treatment of trophic ulcers and persistentwounds in 56 patients as well as in 38 patients with consequences of injuries tothe main blood vessels, the nerve trunks, the muscles and the tendons of theextremities before and after the reconstructive operations testifies to its highefficacy.
Khirurgiia (Mosk). 1989 Sep;(9):97-9.
Treatment of acute thrombophlebitis of the lower limbs with laser irradiation
Dudenko GI, Zaliubovskii VI
Low-intensity helium-neon laser (LG-75) radiation produces a marked analgesic,desensitizing, hypocoagulative, and immunostimulating effect, which can be usedin the treatment of acute thrombophlebitis of the lower limbs. Laser therapyalters the phase course of the wound process and in this way improvesmicrocirculation and oxygenation of the tissues, shortens the terms of woundhealing, and may be used as the method of choice in the treatment of trophiculcers of the lower limbs.
Ann Vasc Surg 1990 Mar;4(2):179-81
The use of infrared laser therapy in the treatment of venous ulceration
Sugrue ME, Carolan J, Leen EJ, Feeley TM, Moore DJ, Shanik GD
Management of intractable venous ulceration remains an unrewarding task which isincreasingly delegated to the realm of the vascular surgeon. The purpose of thispilot study was to assess the ulcer-healing effects of the newest form ofbiostimulation--the low power laser. Twelve patients with chronic venous ulcersunresponsive to conservative measures were treated with infrared laserirradiation for twelve weeks. Two ulcers healed completely and there was a 27%(p less than 0.01) reduction in size of the remaining ulcers. Treatment resultedin a 44% (p less than 0.01) increase in ulcer floor area occupied by healthygranulation tissue. The most dramatic effect of laser treatment was thereduction in ulcer pain, from 7.5 to 3.5 (linear analogue scale) (p less than0.001). Laser irradiation had no effect on TcPO2, number of skin capillaries orpericapillary fibrin deposition in the lipodermatosclerotic area around theulcer. The results of this pilot study are encouraging and a carefullycontrolled randomized study is indicated to compare low power laser irradiationto conventional treatment in the management of venous ulcers.
Khirurgiia (Mosk) 1990 May;(5):105-8
Treatment of trophic ulcers of the lower extremities in elderly patients
Iupatov SI, Smotrin SM, Gavcrilik BL, Sten'ko VG
The article analyses the results of treatment of trophic ulcers of the lowerextremities consequent upon chronic venous insufficiency in 199 elderlypatients. Concomitant diseases were encountered in 82% of patients, which calledfor a differential approach to the choice of the method of treatment. Combinedlaser therapy in the system of complex treatment in 83 patients proved to behighly effective.
Khirurgiia (Mosk) 1990 Dec;(12):93-6
Treatment of non-healing wounds and trophic ulcers by low- intensity laser
irradiation in an outpatient clinic
Georgadze AK, Karpov VI, Kuznetsov EV, Soldatov AV, Rukosuev VP
Experience in treating 351 patients with persistent wounds and trophic ulcers bylow-intensity laser radiation in out-patient clinics is generalized. Completeepithelialization of the wound or ulcer surface occurred in 236 patients. Therewere 246 patients aged 60, all were treated without leave from work. Thus, theinclusion of laser therapy in the complex of measures for persistent wounds andtrophic ulcers is a highly effective method which may be applied in preoperativemanagement and which will reduce considerably the term of in-patient treatment.
Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 1991;25(3):249-51
Effect of low power gallium arsenide laser on healing of venous ulcers
Malm M, Lundeberg T
The healing of venous ulcers of the leg with and without gallium arsenide lasertreatment was studied in 42 patients randomly divided into two groups. One groupreceived standard conservative treatment and gallium arsenide laser, and theother received the same standard treatment and placebo laser treatment. Therewere no differences in results between the two groups.
Ann Plast Surg. 1991 Dec;27(6):537-9
Low-power HeNe laser treatment of venous leg ulcers
Lundeberg T, Malm M
Clinical observations have suggested that low-energy lasers, mainly helium-neon(HeNe) lasers, might stimulate wound healing. A controlled study of the effects of low-power HeNe laser was performed in conjunction with a standard treatmentfor healing chronic venous leg ulcers on 46 patients divided randomly into twogroups. All patients received standard treatment (paste-impregnated bandage anda self-adhesive elastic bandage) plus either HeNe laser (wave-length, 632.8 nm;beam power, 6 mW; continuous emission, energy density, 4 J/cm2) or placebo HeNelaser twice weekly for 12 weeks. The areas of healing were examined and comparedpercentage-wise after 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks. There were no significantdifferences in the proportion of healed ulcers or ulcer area in the HeNe groupcompared with the placebo group.
Klin Khir. 1992;(3):47-9
The use of helium-neon laser radiation in the treatment of trophic disorders in
patients with diabetes mellitus
Zubkova ST
The effectiveness of laser therapy in trophic skin disorders (ulcer, diabeticbulla, hematoma, skin chap) in patients with diabetes mellitus was studied. Thefoci of trophic disorders and biologically active points were irradiated bymeans of heliumneon laser installations. The technique was employed in ahospital and in out-patient treatment in the complex with medicamentous therapyand without that in patients resistant to medicamentous therapy. A higheffectiveness of laser therapy has been established.
Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 1992 Jul;9(3):709-19
The efficacy of carbon dioxide laser surgery for adjunct ulcer therapy
Chromey PA
This article focuses on the application of the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser atvarious levels of power density to achieve a level of efficacy in tissueablation for cutaneous and deep indolent ulcerations that afflict the lowerextremities. This article also supports theories of the CO2 laser generating asterile nonpathogenic environment within ulcers. A cross section of variousulcer types are used to determine duration of healing.
Khirurgiia (Mosk). 1992 Jul-Aug;(7-8):30-3
Treatment of suppurative wounds in patients with diabetes mellitus by magneticfield and laser irradiation
Kuliev RA, Babaev RF, Akhmedova LM, Ragimova AI
The efficacy of including a magnetic field, low-intensity laser beam, and theircombination in the complex of therapeutic measures was studied in 119 patientswith suppurative wounds and diabetes mellitus. With the use of magnetic field orlaser beam intoxication diminished, the organism's immunological status wasstabilized within a shorter time, the wound process followed a quicker course,and treatment took less time. The magnetic-laser effect has advantages overseparate use of these factors.
Biomed Tech (Berl) 1993 Jul-Aug;38(7-8):168-71
LILAB, a new system for superficial application of low intensity laser beams in
medicine
Sommer A, Franke RP
Laser energy densities between 1 and 4 J/cm2 evoked a significant biostimulationin human tissues. Lower energy densities had no apparent effect, but higherenergy densities resulted in cell damage. In principle, low energy densities canbe applied with high-energy lasers in combination with laser beam diverginglenses, or with low-power lasers in combination with scanning devices.High-energy lasers are undesirable because of their high cost. Low-energy lasersin combination with conventional scanners also suffer from high cost, and thesescanners have another major disadvantage: the energy density at the edge of theapplication field may be up to five times as great as in the center. A new laserbeam distribution system for medical applications is introduced here. Because ofits moderate price it is well-suited for use with low-energy lasers. Any desiredgeometrical shape of the application field is easily created, and with ahomogeneous energy density.
Phys Ther. 1994 Sep;74(9):812-23; discussion 824-5
Comparison of ultrasound/ultraviolet-C and laser for treatment of pressure ulcersin patients with spinal cord injury
Nussbaum EL, Biemann I, Mustard B
Background And Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare in patients withspinal cord injury the effect on wound healing of nursing care alone with the
effect on wound healing of nursing care combined with either laser treatment or a
regimen of ultrasound and ultraviolet-C (US/UVC).
Subjects: Twenty patients (22 wounds) were randomly assigned to the treatment
groups.
Methods: All patients received standard wound care consisting of wound cleaning
twice daily, application of moist dressings, and continuous relief of pressure
until the wounds were healed. The laser protocol consisted of three treatments
weekly using a cluster probe with an 820-nm laser diode and 30 superluminous
diodes (10 each at 660, 880, and 950 nm), and energy density of 4J/cm2, and a
pulse repetition rate of 5,000 pulses per second. The US/UVC regimen consisted of
five treatments weekly, alternating the treatment modality daily. The pulsed US
was applied at a frequency of 3 MHz and a spatial average-temporal average
intensity of 0.2 W/cm2 (1:4 pulse ratio) for 5 minutes per 5 cm2 of wound area.
The UVC dosage (95% emission at 250 nm) was calculated each session according to
wound appearance. The dosage level was E1 for clean/granulating areas, E3 for
purulent/slow-granulating areas, E4 for heavily infected areas, and 2E4 for wound
debridement. Wounds were traced every 14 days, and surface areas were calculated
using the Sigma-Scan Measurement System. Weekly percentage changes in wound area
were compared.
Results: Results showed that US/UVC treatment had a greater effect on wound
healing than did nursing care, either alone or combined with laser.
Conclusion And Discussion: Ultrasound/ultraviolet-C may decrease healing time and
may allow faster return to rehabilitation programs, work, and leisure activities
for patients with spinal cord injury who have pressure ulcers.
Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1997 Jul-Aug;76(4):288-96.
Combined ultrasound, electrical stimulation, and laser promote collagen
synthesis with moderate changes in tendon biomechanics
Gum SL, Reddy GK, Stehno-Bittel L, Enwemeka CS
The biomechanical, biochemical, and ultrastructural effects of amultitherapeutic protocol were studied using regenerating rabbit Achillestendons. The multitherapeutic protocol was composed of low-intensity Ga:As laserphotostimulation, low intensity ultrasound, and electrical stimulation. Achillestendons of 63 male New Zealand rabbits were tenotomized, sutured, immobilized,and subjected to the multitherapeutic protocol for five days, after which castswere removed and the therapy was continued for nine more days without electricalstimulation. The tendons were excised and compared with control tendons.Multitherapy treatment produced a 14% increase in maximal strength, a 42%increase in load-at-break, a 20% increase in maximal stress, a 45% increase instress-at-break, a 21% increase in maximal strain, and a 14% increase instrain-at-break. Similarly, multitherapy treatment was associated with anincrease in Young's modulus of elasticity of 31%, an increase in energyabsorption at maximum load of 9%, and an increase in energy absorption atload-at-break of 11%. Biochemical analysis of the tendons showed an increase of23% in the total amount of collagen in the multitherapy-treated tendons, withfewer mature crosslinks (decrease of 6%). Electron micrographs revealed noultrastructural or morphologic changes in the tendon fibroblasts or in the
extracellular matrix. The improvements measured in tendons receivingmultitherapy were consistent but less remarkable compared with our earlier workswith single modality protocols. The results warrant the hypothesis that thebeneficial effects of ultrasound and laser photostimulation on tendon healingmay counteract one another when applied simultaneously.
Lasers Surg Med. 1998;22(5):281-7.
Laser photostimulation of collagen production in healing rabbit Achilles
tendons
Reddy GK, Stehno-Bittel L, Enwemeka CS
Background And Objective: Low energy laser photostimulation at certainwavelengths can enhance tissue repair by releasing growth factors fromfibroblasts and stimulate the healing process. This study was designed toevaluate the influence of laser photostimulation on collagen production inexperimentally tenotomized and repaired rabbit Achilles tendons.
Study Design/Materials And Methods: A total of 24 male New Zealand rabbits, ages 10-12weeks, were used. Following tenotomy and repair, the surgical hind limbs of therabbits were immobilized in customized polyurethane casts. The experimentalanimals were treated with a 632.8 nm He:Ne laser daily at 1.0 J cm(-2) for 14days. Control animals were sham treated with the laser head. On the fifth dayafter repair, the casts were removed to allow the animals to bear weight on the lower extremity. The animals were euthanized on the 15th postoperative day,then, the Achilles tendons were excised, processed and analyzed. RESULTS:Biochemical analyses of the tendons revealed a 26% increase in collagenconcentration with laser photostimulation indicating a more rapid healingprocess in treated tendons compared to controls. Sequential extractions ofcollagen from regenerating tissues revealed that the laser photostimulatedtendons had 32% and 33% greater concentrations of neutral salt soluble collagenand insoluble collagen, respectively, than control tendons suggesting anaccelerated production of collagen with laser photostimulation. A significantdecrease (9%) in pepsin soluble collagen was observed in laser-treated tendonscompared to controls. There were no statistically significant differencesrecorded in the concentrations of hydroxypyridinium crosslinks and acid solublecollagen between treated and control tendons.
Conclusion: This study of laserphotostimulation on tendon healing in rabbits suggests that such therapyfacilitates collagen production in a manner that enhances tendon healing.
Diabetes Care. 1998 Apr;21(4):580-4