Spring 2017

L541 LAB – Week 10

1.Outline

A.Questions and collection Homework 10

B.How to measure/estimate F0 with Praat

C.How to transcribe tone in IPA

D.Homework 11

2.Questions

A.Any questions about final projects, homework, content, etc?

B.Collect Homework 9

3.Measure/estimate F0 with Praat

A.What is F0 physically and acoustically?

B.What do we perceive F0 as?

C.What are harmonics?

D.What do we perceive harmonics as?

E.Which harmonics roughly correspond to the formants?

F.Is F0 the same as the first Harmonic?

i.‘Missing fundamental’

G.Using Praat to calculate F0

i.Method 1: waveform

1.F0 = cycles/time
2.What is the F0 of the highlighted portion that I will display in Praat?
3.Just from using visual cues, can you tell how the F0 is changing over the course of this utterance?

ii.Method 2: Broadband/wideband spectrogram

1.More ‘coarse’ frequency analysis with a short time window
2.This view reveals formants (frequency) and glottal pulses (time)
3.In other words, it is a more accurate picture of time, but a blurrier picture of frequency. Remember this for the next Method.
4.The settings for this view are the default spectrogram settings in Praat
a.Typically, the window length is set to 0.005s
5.From here you can use the glottal pulses displayed as vertical lines in the spectrogram. They correspond to the cycles in the waveform.
6.Calculate the F0 in the highlighted area that I will display in Praat

iii.Method 3: Narrowband spectrogram

1.Fine, high resolution frequency analysis with a long time window
2.Shows harmonics
3.How do we estimate F0 with this information?
4.Calculate the F0 at the point I will display in Praat

iv.Method 4: Spectral Slice

1.Select a point along the sound file
2.Select Spectrum > View spectral slice

3.The X axis is frequency and the y axis is amplitude

4.The harmonics are the various peaks

5.You can zoom in by selecting a range and clicking SEL

6.How do we estimate the F0 with this information?

7.Calculate the F0 in the spectral slice I have displayed.

v.Method 5: Pitch Tracker

1.Select Pitch > Show pitch > Get pitch

2.This isn’t always reliable!

4.How to transcribe tone in IPA

A.There are a number of ways to transcribe tone with the IPA

B.The method we will focus on is the number system

i.1 through 5, 1 being the lowest and 5 being the highest

ii.Take a look at the UCLA Chinese Data

C.You will notice that pitch 1 isn’t always the same from person to person or utterance to utterance.

i.In what ways can you image someone’s pitch range might change?

ii.If a speaker’s pitch changes, how do we know what the tone is?

iii.Frequency will vary from person to person and context to context. What is important is the pitch movement relative to the speaker’s range and the context in which they are speaking.

D.Let’s practice

i.Thai

ii.Ibibio

5.Homework 11

A.On Canvas under Quizzes

i.2 transcription homeworks and a measuring F0

1