Chemistry 30

Review of Chemistry 20 Notes

A. Naming Elements and Compounds

1. Polyatomic Molecular Elements

  • elements that exist in molecular form instead of atomic form
  • remember the “flagpole” from Science 10?????

2. Molecular Compounds

  • non-metals only (including hydrogen)
  • use prefixes to indicate the number of atoms in the molecule

eg)carbon dioxide =

dinitrogen monoxide =

CCl4 =

  • there are many molecular compounds that still use their common names or IUPAC names (organic molecules)

eg)hydrogen peroxide, glucose, ammonia, sucrose

3. Acids

  • see data booklet pgs 8-9
  • gives both common names (see rules below) and IUPAC/Systematic names

Rules

1. hydrogen ______ide becomes hydro______ic acid

2. hydrogen ______ate becomes ______ic acid

3. hydrogen ______ite becomes ______ous acid

Examples

Name or give the formula for each of the following acids:

  1. hydroiodic acid =
  2. H3PO4(aq) =
  3. nitrous acid =
  4. H2SO3(aq) =

4. Ionic Compounds

  • name cation (positive ion) in full with brackets for charge if multivalent, then name the anion (negative ion) with its ion name (“ide” ending), or use the polyatomic ion name
  • hydrated ionic compounds contain water in their atomic structures
  • indicated by “xH2O” where x is the number of water molecules

eg)NaCl =

Mg3(PO4)2 =

CuSO45H2O =

  • when writing formulas, look up the symbol for each ion then balance the charges using subscripts

eg)sodium chlorate tetrahydrate =

ammonium sulphate =

manganese (IV) oxide =

Your Assignment: pg 1

C. Chemical Reactions

  • types of reactions:
  1. ______
  2. ______
  3. ______
  4. ______
  5. ______
  6. ______
  • ______ is used to conform to the Law of Conservation of Mass
  • for states of matter:
  • ______gives the states of ______ at room temperature
  • ______compounds can be ______

______ at room temperature

  • ______are assumed to be ______
  • ______compounds may be ______

______ when mixed with water…see solubility table on pg 6 of data booklet

Your Assignment: pg 2

C. Solution Chemistry

1. Dissociation

  • nonelectrolytes: substances that dissolve to yield solutions that ______

eg)

  • electrolytes: substances that dissolve to yield solutions that ______

eg)

  • dissociation of solutes in water:

1. electrolytes:

2. non-electrolytes:

Your Assignment: pg 3

2. Non Ionic vs. Net Ionic Equations

  • net ionic reactions are used to show only the ______ions… ______ions (______) are omitted
  • write the non-ionic reaction, the total ionic reaction and the net ionic reaction

Example:

What is the net ionic reaction for the reaction of bromine and sodium iodide?

Your Assignment: pg 4

3. Significant Digits

  • represents the degree of accuracy of using ______

______

  • two different rules are used:
  1. Addition/Subtraction: add or subtract then round to the lowest number of ______
  1. Multiplication/Division: multiply or divide then round to the lowest number of ______

4. Concentration

  • concentration is most commonly measured in ______

where:c = concentration in mol/L

n = number of moles in mol

v = volume in L

m = mass in g

M = molar mass in g/mol

Example 1

Calculate the molar concentration of a 250 mL solution that has 3.2 g of NaCl dissolved in it.

Example 2

Calculate the mass of the salt required to prepare 1.50 L of a 0.565 mol/L solution of K3PO4.

5. Preparation of Solutions

  • these are questions where you are asked to “describe how to prepare” a certain solution
  • calculate the ______of the ______required to achieve a specific concentration and volume
  • then write out the following procedure, inserting the values for the masses and volumes

Procedure:

  1. ______mass.
  2. ______the solute in ______ of the volume of solvent.
  3. ______solution to a ______.
  4. ______ to final volume and mix by inverting.

Your Assignment: pg 5

6. Determining Ionic Concentrations

  • you can use the concentration of a solute to determine the ion concentrations once it is dissolved in water (dissociated)

Steps:

  1. Write a balanced ______equation.
  2. Write down ______.
  3. Determine the ion concentrations using the ______.

Example:

What is the concentration of each ion in a 0.23 mol/L solution of aluminum sulphate?

Your Assignment: pg 6

D. Stoichiometry

Steps

  1. Write a ______ including the states. Write the information ______.
  2. Find the ______of the ______species using
  1. Find the ______of the ______species using ______
  2. Calculate ______of the wanted species using
Example 1

If 5.00 g of sodium reacts with excess chlorine gas, how much sodium chloride is produced?

Example 2

What volume of 0.250 mol/L liquid bromine is needed to react with 500 mL of a 0.150 mol/L solution of sodium iodide?

Example 3

If 5.0 g of sodium reacts with 5.0 g of chlorine, how much sodium chloride is produced?

Your Assignment: pgs 7-9

Chemistry 30

Review of Chemistry 201Jill Agnew