Name Class Date
SECTION 48-1 REVIEW
NUTRIENTS
VOCABULARY REVIEW Answer the questions in the space provided.
1. What are the six basic nutrients?
2. What is an unsaturated fat?
3. What is the function of vitamins?
4. How does dehydration affect the body?
MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank.
1. Which of the following is not an organic nutrient?
a. vitamins b. lipids c. carbohydrates d. minerals
2. Carbohydrates are important sources of
a. monosaccharides. c. legumes.
b. nonessential amino acids. d. glycerol.
3. Essential amino acids are obtained from
a. animal products. b. plant products. c. legumes. d. All of the above
4. Saturated fats
a. are found in most plant oils. c. are found in animal fats.
b. have double bonds. d. do not have a glycerol molecule.
5. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Potassium is a component of ascorbic acid.
b. Potassium is required for the formation of red blood cells.
c. Bananas are good sources of potassium.
d. It is not necessary to consume foods containing potassium.
SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided.
1. Explain the difference between essential amino acids and nonessential amino acids.
2. Describe the importance of simple sugars for normal body functioning.
3. List two reasons that water is an important nutrient. _____________________
4. Critical Thinking What characteristic is common to all of the nutrients?
STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Use the food pyramid below to answer the following questions.
1. Based on the organization of the pyramid, which food group does the body need and use the most? What is the primary nutrient in this group?
2. Which food group contains all of the essential amino acids? Is this the only group that contains essential amino acids? Explain your answer.
Modern Biology Study Guide 267
Name Class Date
SECTION 48-2 REVIEW
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
VOCABULARY REVIEW Explain the relationship between the terms in each of the following pairs of terms.
1. pharynx, epiglottis
2. ulcer, gastric fluid
3. peristalsis, colon
4. pyloric sphincter, chyme
5. villus, gastrointestinal tract
MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank.
1. The gastrointestinal tract includes the
a. liver. b. large intestine. c. pancreas. d. All of the above
2. Bile is
a. released into the small intestine. c. stored in the gallbladder.
b. produced by the liver. d. All of the above
3. Chemical digestion involves
a. the molars. c. the hard palate.
b. saliva. d. the incisors.
4. Which of the following is a component of both the respiratory system and the digestive system?
a. esophagus b. salivary glands c. pharynx d. peristalsis
5. Ulcers are linked to breakdown of the
a. pyloric sphincter. c. stomach lining.
b. gallbladder function. d. common bile duct.
SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided.
1. What is the function of mucus in the stomach?
2. What is the primary role of pepsin in digestion?
3. How does the pancreas aid digestion?
4. Critical Thinking Which part of the gastrointestinal tract should have the highest concentration of blood capillaries? Explain your answer.
STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Use the figure of the gastrointestinal tract below to answer the following questions.
1. Label each part of the figure in the spaces provided.
2. Which organ is not part of the gastrointestinal tract? How does this organ aid digestion?
3. In which organ does absorption take place? What structural features make this organ particularly well-suited for absorption of nutrients into the blood?
SECTION 48-3 REVIEW
URINARY SYSTEM
VOCABULARY REVIEW Define the following terms.
1. nephron
2. urethra
3. renal medulla
4. excretion
5. urea
MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank.
1. Most reabsorption within a nephron occurs in the
a. Bowman’s capsule. c. collecting duct.
b. duodenum. d. proximal convoluted tubule.
2. Which of the following is not part of the nephron?
a. glomerulus b. loop of Henle c. ureter
d. Bowman’s capsule
3. Which of the following substances would not normally be collected in the Bowman’s capsule?
a. small proteins b. glucose c. erythrocytes d. vitamins
4. The renal pelvis
a. empties into the renal vein. c. is a part of the nephron.
b. is an extension of the ureter. d. All of the above
5. During the process of reabsorption, components of the filtrate are
a. actively transported out of the nephron.
b. transferred to the capillaries surrounding the nephron.
c. separated from waste products.
d. All of the above
SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided.
1. Describe the importance of filtration in urine production.
2. How do the kidneys contribute to homeostasis?
3. Why are nephrons considered the structural and functional units of the kidney?
4. Critical Thinking How is ammonia related to kidney functioning?
STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Use the figure of a nephron and the information below to answer the following questions.
About 99 of every 100 mL of filtrate are reabsorbed into the blood, and about 1,500 mL (1.6 qt) of urine are excreted per day.
1. Label each part of the figure in the spaces provided.
2. In which structure is the filtrate collected?
3. Based on the amount of urine excreted daily, about how many milliliters of filtrate would be produced daily by a pair of normally functioning kidneys? ____________________________________________
Modern Biology Study Guide 269