Mr. Baker
APUSH 0809
UNIT 5: THE WEST, INDUSTRY, AND THE CITIES, 1865-1900
Readings in America’s History
Chapter 16 The American West, 1865-1890
Chapter 17 Capital and Labor in the Age of Enterprise, 1877-1900
Chapter 18 The Industrial City
Chapter 19 The Politics in the Age of Enterprise
Essential Question
By the end of the 19c, was large-scale industrial capitalism still compatible with democracy?
Syllabus with Focus Questions
Day 1 January 12 M The Great Plains
1. The post-Civil War Indian policies were genocidal.
2. Did the Indian policies of the late 19c (1865-1890) continue the policies of the colonial and antebellum years or were there new approaches?
Day 2 January 13 T Far West
Mark Twain’s “Roughing It”
Quiz on the Civil War
1. What did Mark Twain think of the Chinese in California based on “Roughing It”?
2. Although the economic development of the Tans-Mississippi West is popularly associated with hardy individualism, it was in fact largely dependent on the federal government. (1991)
Day 3 January 15 R Unit 5 MC and FRQ Test
Day 4 January 19 M Industrial Capitalism Triumphant
1. The increase in industrialization in the late 19c was due more to the consolidation and expansion of business structures than to new technologies. Consider the period 1865-1890.
Day 5 January 20 T The Labor Movement
Quiz
2. How successful were labor unions in advancing the rights of workers?
3. “Factors beyond the reach of industrial workers, like government actions and immigration, had a much greater impact than more immediate ones that laborers could see, like unions and technological changes.”
Day 6 January 22 R The Politics of the Status Quo, 1877-1893
Note: Review the Grant and Hayes administrations
“From Women’s Rights…” in A History of Women…
1. The political machines and corruption are often attributed to greed and government in the late 19c and public indifference in politics. Actually, the machines responded to real social and economic problems that traditional American institutions could not address in the modern age. Assess the accuracy of this statement.
2. The Republican Party of the late 19c had abandoned its founding principles (1856-1877).
3. How effective were state and national governments in addressing changes in society?
Day 7 January 26 M Race and Politics in the New South
1. Were the motivations of the creators of the Black Codes the same as those who wrote the Jim Crow laws?
Day 8 January 27 T The Crisis of American Politics (Election of 1896)
1. “Jacksonian Democrats (1824-1840) and Populists (1890-1896) both went on the offensive against special privilege in American life. Democrats attained power and succeeded. Populists failed.” TWE is this an accurate assessment?
2. The election of 1896 is often portrayed as one of the most significant in American history. Does it deserve this reputation?
Day 9 January 29 R Urbanization
Upper Class/Middle Class
Quiz
1. What was the most significant factor in the changing life in the cities?
Day 10 February 2 M City Life
Day 11 February 3 T Midterm MC Test for Units 1-5
On-line Resources
Indian Women: Zitkala sha rom.net/isk/stories/authors/bonnin.html
Chinese Immigration: On Gold Mountain .si.edu/ongoldmountain/
Hub Dates
Mr. Baker
APUSH 0809
1877
1893
Mr. Baker
APUSH 0809
Unit vocabulary
Mr. Baker
APUSH 0809
The Tribes and the West
Sioux
Wounded Knee
Ghost Dance
Helen Hunt Jackson
A Century of Dishonor
Severalty
Dawes Act 1887
Oklahoma Territory
Dakota Territory
Sand Creek Massacre 1864
The Wild West Show
Little Big Horn
Chief Joseph
Dawes Act
“concentration”
Bureau of Indian Affairs
Wounded Knee
Californios
Chinese Exclusion Act
Homestead Act
Assimilation
Mark Twain
Boom towns
long drives
Abilene, KS
Frederic Remington
Frederick Jackson Turner
Industrialization
Vertical integration
Horizontal consolidation
Bessemer Process
Henry Ford
Taylorism
Corporation
J.P. Morgan
Andrew Carnegie
John D. Rockefeller
The trust
Social Darwinism
Horatio Alger
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
yellow dog contracts
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
Knights of Labor
National Labor Union
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
Haymarket Square
anarchism
Socialism
Unionism
Homestead Strike
Pullman Strike
Molly Maguires
Bill Haywood
Mother Jones
Pinkertons
Monopoly
Terence Powderly
Samuel Gompers
Eugene V. Debs
Politics
Thomas Nast
James A. Garfield
Chester A. Arthur
Grover Cleveland
Populism
Mary Elizabeth Lease
Coxey’s Army
Cyclone or tornado hits
William Jennings Bryan
The Grange movement
Farmers’ Alliances
People’s (Populist) Party
Panic of 1893
Crime of ’73
“Free Silver”
Benjamin Harrison
W.E.B. Dubois
Booker T. Washington
Cities
New Immigrants
Muckrakers
Tenement
Progressivism
Lincoln Steffens
Jane Addams
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Louis Brandeis
William H. Taft
Carrie Chapman Catt
“Boss” Tweed
Helen Keller
Tammany Hall
patronage
civil service reform
Mr. Baker
APUSH 0809
Unit 5 Summaries and Study Questions
1. New technologies and production processes in the development of resources such as oil, steel, and electricity spurred industrial growth.
2. Taylorism and Ford’s assembly lines revolutionized the manufacturing process enabling factories to produce many times more products.
3. The expansion of railroads and the corporate structures of railroad companies greatly contributed to industrial expansion. Trusts, corporate stock, and financing allowed large corporations to develop virtually unchecked in the oil, banking, steel, and railroad industries.
4. Monopolists and industrialists such as Morgan, Carnegie, and Rockefeller used social Darwinism and the Horatio Alger myths to promote their capitalist model of wealth and accumulation.
5. In order to combat the loss of individualism, workers united in unions such as the Knights of Labor and the AFL to bargain for safer worker conditions, higher wages, and child labor restrictions.
6. While Labor unions experienced some successes with their demands in isolated cases, overall labor unions failed to deliver large changes in working conditions for their members as support for unions fell due to racial divisions and violent union tactics that shocked the general population.
7. The growth of manufacturing led to a dramatic increase in the urban population in America as young whites and blacks flocked to cities in search of manufacturing jobs.
8. America also experienced an immigration boom as increasing numbers of immigrants came from eastern or southern Europe and poured into America through Ellis Island.
9. Even though American cities consisted of ethnic islands, the diverse new urban populations attempted to assimilate as “Americans” in society while maintaining their own ethnic ties.
10. The large influx of immigrants led to a strengthening of the anti-foreigner feelings in America as some attempted to limit or discriminate against non “natives.”
11. A major challenge created by the large influx to urban areas was housing and the services needed by residents. Many families in big cities lived in rickety, over-crowded tenements that were squalid at best. Crime, poverty, disease, and the threat of fire also exacerbated the problems.
12. The increase in urban dwellers meant a corresponding need for more consumer goods as a new “consumer economy” developed around new products, chain stores, and catalogs.
13. Distinctly American forms of entertainment developed in cities: sports, movies, theater, literature, and art took on urban flair and provided entertainment for city folk.
14. The West represented the last frontier in the United States, although it was already inhabited by both native Indians and Mexicans.
15. Frontier society was diverse including Indians, Chinese, Mexicans, and various European ethnicities.
16. Whites moved west in droves after the Civil War, encouraged by the Homestead Act and to pursue business opportunities in a variety of pursuits.
17. Western culture became a romanticized part of American society as mining, cattle ranching, farming, and the building of the railroad attracted both men and women to new and often temporary towns.
18. The Railroads were built in large part by Chinese and Irish immigrants who worked in work gangs to connect the Central Pacific and the Union Pacific in one intercontinental railroad.
19. The advance of whites into the frontier and the influx of various workers and soldiers brought whites into conflict with the Mexican, Chinese, and Native Indians over land and money.
20. The U.S. governments adopted a legal policy to place Indians on reservations away from white settlements.
21. The actual policy carried out by settlers and miners sought to kill as many Indians as possible as evidenced in a long line of skirmishes and atrocities committed against the Indians.
22. By 1900, the west was no longer a frontier but an important source of resources and a diverse, rugged society that had become part of the greater American society.
Mr. Baker
APUSH 0809
Mr. Baker
APUSH 0809
1. What technological advance had the most impact on the industrial growth of the economy in the late 1800’s? Explain.
2. What new business structures were created? Describe them. How did they help expand business? In what industries?
3. What was the importance of the “self-made man” and the Horatio Alger stories? What was their role in the economic boom of the times? What group of Americans did they target?
4. Why was social Darwinism such an important concept of the time? Explain.
5. What effect did the Haymarket Square incident have on American society? Describe at least two ways.
6. What patterns of migration and immigration did America experience at the turn of the century? What was the New Immigration?
7. In what ways did immigrants attempt to assimilate into American society? Why and how were many excluded?
8. Jacob Riis wrote How the Other Half Lives. How did the “other half” live in late 1800s cities?
9. Who was the “boss” in big cities? What made “boss rule” possible?
10. How did leisure and consumption by the urban masses change life in American cities and society? What was the New Morality in urban areas?
11. What is the frontier? How did the idea of a frontier affect American life after the Civil War? What do you think of Frederick Jackson Turner’s thesis?
12. What was the attraction of the frontier for Americans? Why did so many go West?
13. What was the U.S. government’s Indian policy? Did it change over time? How? Was it effective?
14. What three factors led to the ultimate destruction of the western Native American societies?
15. What affect did the railroad have on the west?
16. Who had a more difficult life? Farmers, Miners, or Cattle Ranchers? Why?
1. Late 19th century politics was dominated by the two party spoils system on a national level and the political boss-led party machine on the local level.
2. The Federal Government and the Presidents of the late 19th century played a very minimal role in the direction of the country, only providing occasional policy and services such as the post office and defense.
3. The Federal Courts and the government almost always supported corporations and trusts at the expense of labor, farmers, and small business.
4. In order to combat the loss of individualism and in response to the growing concentration of capital, workers united in unions such as the Knights of Labor and the AFL to bargain for safer worker conditions, higher wages, and child labor restrictions.
5. While Labor unions experienced some successes with their demands in isolated cases, overall labor unions failed to deliver large changes in working conditions for their members as support for unions fell due to racial divisions and violent union tactics that shocked the general population.
6. The Grange movement, originally a social club for farmers, sought to concentrate farmers’ economic power to negotiate better deals with suppliers and transportation interests.
7. When the Grange movement faltered, Farmer’s Alliances and eventually the Populist Party pushed the political platform of government regulation of railroads and trusts, abolishment of federal banks, re-monetization of silver, and direct elections of national officials.
8. The Populists were mostly from the south and mid-west and were white and Protestant although at times they addressed concerns of blacks, westerners, and labor.
9. The economic Panic of 1893 pushed Populists and labor organizations to step up their demonstrations for the use of silver for money and better labor conditions for workers.
10. Progressivism succeeded Populism as a call for change in America. Progressive ideals and action existed both outside the government through the actions of social reformers and within the government in the personae of President Theodore Roosevelt.
11. “Muckrackers” such as Ida Tarbell, Lincoln Steffens, and Upton Sinclair exposed corruption in government and industry and denounced waste and oppression in American society.
12. Social reform groups flourished, led often by women, and sought help for urban poor, temperance, and most of all women’s suffrage.
13. In politics, reformers attacked the boss and party rule and financial corruption and sought to make politicians more responsive to voters at practically every level of government.
Past FRQs and DBQs
Was the Western Frontier a place of diverse cultures meeting to develop a new society based on rugged individualism or was it an area of domination by white Americans and the government in search of profits and resources?
Analyze the economic consequences of the Civil War with respect to any TWO of the following in the U.S. between 1865 and 1880.
-Agriculture
-Labor
-Industrialization
-Transportation
Analyze the impact of any TWO of the following on the American industrial worker between 1865 and 1900.
-Government actions
-Immigration
-Labor unions
-Technological changes
DBQ: How successful was organized labor in improving the position of workers in the period from 1875 to 1900? Analyze the factors that contributed to the level of success achieved. Use the documents and your knowledge of the period from 1875 to 1900 to construct your response.
Compare and contrast the attitudes of THREE of the following toward the wealth that was created in the United States during the late nineteenth century.
-Andrew Carnegie
-Eugene V. Debs
-Horatio Alger
-Booker T. Washington
-Ida M. Tarbell
The Populist and Progressive movements challenged many entrenched institutions in American politics, economics, and society. To what extent were the Populist and Progressive movements truly a revolution in America?
DBQ: How successful was organized labor in improving the position of workers in the period from 1875 to 1900? Analyze the factors that contributed to the level of success achieved. Use the documents and your knowledge of the period from 1875 to 1900 to construct your response.
2005-2006
Monday September 26 Introduce new unit; project HO
Intro: The American West is an integral part of the image of America that Americans and others have. Following the Civil War, the nation will complete its transformation into a manufacturing and agricultural world power.
Tuesday January 8 Ch 17: The Great West 515
Indians of the Great Plains 516